Anti-Parkinson drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a genetic cause of Parkinsonism?

  • Sporadic or Idiopathic
  • Manganese Poisoning
  • Iatrogenic physician induced
  • Genetic mutation of a-synuclein and parkin genes (correct)

    • What is the mechanism by which Manganese Poisoning leads to Parkinsonism?

  • Blocks DA receptors
  • Reduces dopamine activity
  • Interferes with enzyme systems, oxidizes DA (correct)
  • Depletes brain monoamines from storage sites

    • Which form of Parkinsonism is caused by infarcts in the region of the putamen?

  • Arteriosclerotic (correct)
  • Von Economo's
  • Post encephalitic
  • MPTP

    • Which form of Parkinsonism is associated with slow progressive deterioration and development of Parkinson symptoms?

    <p>Post encephalitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound, when enzymatically reacted with MAOb, forms superoxides breaking down to MPP+ and causes Parkinsonism?

    <p>MPTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a precursor of dopamine and can alleviate Parkinsonism?

    <p>L-DOPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism?

    <p>Inhibits decarboxylase activity in the periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination, using generic drug names is commonly used to treat Parkinsonism?

    <p>L-DOPA and carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does ENTACAPONE inhibit?

    <p>COMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of ENTACAPONE?

    <p>Prolongs l-dopa action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be hepatotoxic?

    <p>TOLCAPONE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does TOLCAPONE inhibit?

    <p>Catechol-O-methyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of AMANTADINE in the treatment of Parkinsonism?

    <p>Enhancement of dopamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a D2 agonist and has a longer duration of action than l-dopa?

    <p>Bromocriptine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has affinity for D3 receptors and can be used as monotherapy for mild Parkinsonism cases?

    <p>Pramipexole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a D1 and D2 agonist, more potent than bromocriptine, and has a longer duration of action than l-dopa?

    <p>Pergolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a D2 agonist and is used for patients with mild symptoms to reduce fluctuations in response to l-dopa treatment?

    <p>Ropinirole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a toxic side effect of l-dopa?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of orthostatic hypotension in l-dopa treatment?

    <p>Reduced blood pressure when standing up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for dyskinesia (chorea) caused by l-dopa overdose?

    <p>Reduce the amount of l-dopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of mental effects such as agitation and insomnia in l-dopa treatment?

    <p>Excess levels of dopamine in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a long-term complication of Levodopa treatment?

    <p>Dyskinesias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon refers to the end-of-dose deterioration in motor performance?

    <p>Wearing off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the 'on-off' phenomenon in Levodopa treatment?

    <p>Change to phasic dopaminergic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down NE and 5-HT in the CNS in the central nervous system?

    <p>MAOa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug blocks dopamine receptors and can decrease dopamine activity by depleting stores of central dopamine?

    <p>Reserpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin can reduce the effectiveness of l-dopa?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interferes with the absorption of l-dopa from the gut?

    <p>High Protein Meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits decarboxylase activity primarily in the periphery, leading to a longer duration of action than carbidopa?

    <p>Benserazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a supplement prior to L-DOPA treatment to increase DA activity by inhibiting MAO-B activity? Generic names only!!

    <p>Selegiline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a precursor of dopamine and crosses the Blood Brain Barrier?

    <p>L-DOPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an anti-cholinergic drug used to alleviate Parkinsonism symptoms?

    <p>Benzatropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a histamine (H1) blocker and is used to alleviate Parkinsonism symptoms?

    <p>Benztropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a synthetic drug and is used to alleviate Parkinsonism symptoms?

    <p>Trihexyphenidyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks dopamine receptors?

    <p>Haloperidol and phenothiazines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs deplete brain monoamines from storage sites?

    <p>Reserpine and tetrabenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down dopamine in the brain?

    <p>MAOb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks dopamine receptors?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down dopamine in the brain?

    <p>Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Increased intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a neurotoxin selectively toxic to the substantia nigra cells, causing almost all symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>MPTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient has been shown to relieve an average of 70% of Parkinson's disease symptoms?

    <p>L-tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease involves the implantation of stem cells genetically engineered to produce dopamine?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical therapy for Parkinson's disease is permanent? It lessens motor functions

    <p>Pallidotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical therapy for Parkinson's disease has a higher technical difficulty?

    <p>Pallidal stimulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease has shown unsatisfactory initial results?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agents could protect neurons from cell death and result in a slower progression of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical therapy for Parkinson's disease has a greater effect on reducing tremor but less effect on motor fluctuations?

    <p>Thalamotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient has been shown to relieve between 10-60% of Parkinson's disease symptoms?

    <p>Ferrous iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

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