Parenting Styles and Dimensions Quiz

Dimensions of Parenting

• The degree of parental warmth refers to how accepting, responsive and compassionate parents are towards their children.
• The degree of parental control refers to the extent to which parents set boundaries, enforce rules and discipline their children.

Classic Parenting Styles

• Authoritarian Style

  • Parents exert firm control but are rejecting or unresponsive to their children.
  • They expect children to follow strict rules without explanation.
  • They punish children who disobey rules and may use threats or physical punishment.
  • Children raised in this style may be obedient but distrustful, withdrawn, hostile, and passive.
  • They may struggle socially and have lower levels of happiness and self-esteem.

• Authoritative Style (Democratic)

  • Parents are warm and exert firm control.
  • They want children to be socially responsible, self-regulated, and cooperative.
  • They set rules but allow exceptions based on the situation.
  • They consider children's feelings when making and enforcing rules.
  • They discuss rules with children so they understand.
  • They use a combination of punishment and reinforcement.
  • Children raised in this style tend to be high-achievers, self-reliant, responsible decision-makers, and happy.
  • They have higher self-esteem and emotional intelligence.

• Permissive Style

  • Parents are warm but have little control over their children.
  • They have lenient or no rules and little discipline.
  • They may only punish children if the problem is very serious.
  • They may have a "kids will be kids" attitude and treat their kids like friends.
  • Children raised in this style may be irresponsible, lack self-control, and make poor life choices.
  • They often struggle academically, are less self-reliant, and may be aggressive or immature.

• Uninvolved Style (Neglectful)

  • Parents are unresponsive to their children's needs and don't set limits.
  • They may be overwhelmed by other life problems and ignore their children.
  • In extreme cases, parents reject or neglect the needs of their child.
  • Children raised in this style are often neglected, have low self-esteem, struggle academically, and may engage in delinquency, alcohol and drug use.

Overparenting Style (Tiger Parent)

• Parents overprotect their children by being too involved in their daily lives and providing excessive care and attention.
• They are strict like authoritarian parents but involve themselves in every aspect of their children's lives.
• They try to solve their children's problems for them and remove obstacles from their paths.

Physical Development

• During the toddler stage (1 to 3 years old), growth slows considerably.
• 1 year old
  • Uses fingers to self-feed.
  • Attempts to use a spoon.
  • Climbs on and off a couch or chair without help.
  • Scribbles.
• 2 year old
  • Runs.
  • Kicks a ball.
  • Walks up stairs.
  • Eats with a spoon.
• 3 year old
  • Uses hands to twist things, like turning doorknobs or unscrewing lids.
  • Strings items together, like large beads.
  • Takes some clothes off independently.
  • Puts on some clothes independently.
  • Jumps off the ground with both feet.

Cognitive Development

• 1-2 years old
  • Identifies similar objects.
  • Imitates actions and language of adults.
  • Learns through exploration.
  • Points out familiar objects and people in picture books.
  • Distinguishes between "Me" and "You."
  • Understands and responds to words.
• 2-3 years old
  • Identifies their own reflection in the mirror by name.
  • Imitates more complex adult actions (playing house, pretending to do laundry, etc.)
  • Matches objects with their uses.
  • Names objects in a picture book.
  • Responds to simple directions from parents and caregivers.
  • Sorts objects by category (animals, flowers, trees, etc.)
  • Stacks rings on a peg from largest to smallest.

Psychosocial & Language Development

• 2 years old
  • Expresses learned emotions like shame, embarrassment, and pride.
  • Develops emotion regulation (recognizing and labeling emotions, controlling emotional expression based on cultural expectations).
  • Experiences temper tantrums.
  • Demonstrates sibling rivalry.
• 3 years old
  • Understands societal rules regarding appropriate emotional expression.
  • Stranger anxiety dissolves.
  • Engages in parallel play (play beside others without influencing each other's behavior).
  • Enjoys toys that require action (blocks, telephones, nesting balls).
  • Imitates actions (duplicates behavior of others).
  • Enjoys stories.
  • Takes toys from other children.

Language Development

• 3 months
  • Smiles.
  • Makes cooing sounds.
  • Quiets or smiles when spoken to.
  • Has different cries for different needs.
• 6 months
  • Makes gurgling sounds while playing.
  • Babbles and makes a range of sounds.
  • Uses voice to express likes and dislikes.
  • Responds to changes in tone of voice.
• 12 months
  • Attempts to copy speech sounds.
  • Says a few words, such as "dada," "mama," and "uh-oh."
  • Understands simple commands, like "Come here."
  • Knows words for common items, like "shoe."

Social Development

• Newborn
  • Develops a deep attachment between the baby and the mother.
  • Crying serves as a communication method.
  • Eye contact, touching, and feeding are crucial for healthy psychosocial development.
• 6 weeks - 4 months
  • Displays a social smile.
  • Shows emotions toward family members.
  • Begins to laugh, demonstrating recognition of incongruity (actions deviating from the norm).
• 7-9 months
  • Exhibits fear of strangers (stranger anxiety).
• 10-12 months
  • Experiences separation anxiety.
  • Responds to their name.
  • Plays simple games with adults.
• 10-12 months
  • Expresses several recognizable emotions (anger, sadness, pleasure, anxiety).
  • Shows limited facial expressions.
  • Overcomes stranger anxiety.