Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where are the superior parathyroids located?
Where are the superior parathyroids located?
- Medial to recurrent laryngeal nerves, more anterior, below inferior thyroid artery
- Intra-thyroid, mediastinal, near tracheoesophageal groove
- In the tail of the thymus
- Lateral to recurrent laryngeal nerves, posterior surface of superior portion of gland, above inferior thyroid artery (correct)
Which artery supplies blood to both superior and inferior parathyroid glands?
Which artery supplies blood to both superior and inferior parathyroid glands?
- Superior thyroid artery
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Inferior thyroid artery (correct)
- Carotid artery
What is the most common ectopic site for inferior parathyroids?
What is the most common ectopic site for inferior parathyroids?
- Intra-thyroid
- Near tracheoesophageal groove
- Mediastinal
- In the tail of the thymus (correct)
Which pharyngeal pouch is associated with the inferior parathyroids?
Which pharyngeal pouch is associated with the inferior parathyroids?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a defect in the PTH receptor in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased resorption of calcium?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a defect in the PTH receptor in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased resorption of calcium?
What is the treatment for familial hypercalcemic hypocalciuria?
What is the treatment for familial hypercalcemic hypocalciuria?
Which condition results from a defect in the PTH receptor in the kidney, making it unresponsive to PTH?
Which condition results from a defect in the PTH receptor in the kidney, making it unresponsive to PTH?
In which location is lung most commonly affected by metastases in parathyroid cancer?
In which location is lung most commonly affected by metastases in parathyroid cancer?
What is the 5-year survival rate for parathyroid cancer?
What is the 5-year survival rate for parathyroid cancer?
Which gene mutation is associated with MEN I syndrome?
Which gene mutation is associated with MEN I syndrome?
What is the primary cause of death in patients with MEN IIa and MEN IIb syndromes?
What is the primary cause of death in patients with MEN IIa and MEN IIb syndromes?
Which condition is the most common cause of outpatient hypercalcemia?
Which condition is the most common cause of outpatient hypercalcemia?
What is the mechanism of action of Mithramycin in treating hypercalcemia?
What is the mechanism of action of Mithramycin in treating hypercalcemia?
Which type of cancer can release PTHrP, leading to hypercalcemia?
Which type of cancer can release PTHrP, leading to hypercalcemia?
What is the primary cause of hypercalcemic crisis?
What is the primary cause of hypercalcemic crisis?
What is the prevalence of pheochromocytoma in MEN IIa syndrome?
What is the prevalence of pheochromocytoma in MEN IIa syndrome?
What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?
Which hormone decreases serum calcium levels?
Which hormone decreases serum calcium levels?
What is the characteristic bone lesion seen in hyperparathyroidism?
What is the characteristic bone lesion seen in hyperparathyroidism?
What are the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism?
What are the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism?
What diagnostic workup is recommended for primary hyperparathyroidism?
What diagnostic workup is recommended for primary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the treatment for parathyroid adenoma?
What is the treatment for parathyroid adenoma?
What is the management approach for missing parathyroid glands during surgery?
What is the management approach for missing parathyroid glands during surgery?
What is the most common location for a missing parathyroid gland during surgery?
What is the most common location for a missing parathyroid gland during surgery?
What can cause hypocalcemia postoperatively after parathyroid surgery?
What can cause hypocalcemia postoperatively after parathyroid surgery?
What is the preferred imaging modality for locating overactive parathyroid glands?
What is the preferred imaging modality for locating overactive parathyroid glands?
What is the management approach for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure?
What is the management approach for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure?
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