(4.2) ANS III: PARASYMPATHETIC NS

A bodily reaction to potentially harmful stimuli within organs, like tissue damage or inflammation.

Internal organs, unlike surface tissue, usually do not directly elicit pain from minor manipulation but will respond to extreme circumstances and damage.

The irreversible loss of function in living tissue, often resulting from extreme environments or reduced blood supply.

Clusters of nerve cell bodies found within the walls of organs that compose part of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Clusters of nerve cell bodies found along the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral areas outside the organs .

Ganglia located within the walls of an internal organ.

Specialized network of nerves that control the digestive system.

Supporting cells that surround neurons in the nervous system, nourishing and protecting them.

Clusters of nerve cell bodies located within the skull.

Controls most eye movement muscles (not the pupils).

Ganglion associated with the oculomotor nerve; controls pupil size and lens shape.

Associated with the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Associated with the otic ganglion.

Associated with multiple ganglia, including submandibular ganglion and others.

A passageway that carries the oculomotor nerve.

Muscle that constricts the pupil.

Nerve fibers that originate from the brainstem carrying signals to a ganglion.

Nerve fibers that carry signals from the ganglion to the target organs.

The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic nerve signals to organs from the head to the abdomen, including the heart, lungs, digestive system, kidneys, and gonads.

The vagus nerve travels through the neck, alongside the carotid arteries and jugular veins, reaching its target organs.

The vagus nerve has four ganglia involved including: solitary nucleus for visceral sensory, dorsal nucleus for visceral motor, and nucleus ambiguus for heart motor.

A ganglion in the vagus nerve that processes visceral sensations and sensory information from internal organs.

A ganglion in the vagus nerve, responsible for visceral motor functions, controlling the organs.

A part of the vagus nerve ganglia, especially important for motor functions of the heart.

The monitoring of the internal environment using sensory nerves.

Regulation of internal organs via nerves.

In the chest, the vagus nerve plays a role in the rest and digest response.

The vagus nerve in the abdominal cavity controls smooth muscle motility and digestion.

A network of nerves that innervates organs in the upper abdomen.

A network of nerves innervating mid-abdominal organs.

A network of nerves innervating lower abdominal organs.

Plexuses innervating pelvic region viscera.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that generally causes vasoconstriction.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that usually causes vasodilation.

Specialized nervous system within the digestive tract.

Network of nerves controlling the heart.

Network of nerves controlling the lungs and airways.

Network of nerves innervating abdominal organs.

Nerve supply to organs in the pelvic region.

Reflexes controlling internal organs that maintain homeostasis and regulate organ activities.

Sensory information from internal organs.

The pathways that control the 'rest and digest' functions of the body, involving cranial and sacral nerves.

The nerves originating from the brainstem, important for parasympathetic function.

The parasympathetic nerves in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Important cranial nerves associated with parasympathetic responses, each with specific pathways.

A network of nerves within the digestive system controlling its functions.

Automatic responses in the body to stimuli involving both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

The sensory nerves monitoring internal conditions (e.g., digestion, heartbeat).

Active during processes like digestion and energy conservation to return to homeostasis.

Parasympathetic signals originating in brainstem nuclei, traveling via cranial nerves to ganglia near target organs.

Parasympathetic signals from spinal cord segments S2-S4, exiting via sacral spinal nerves to ganglia near target organs.

Preganglionic axons are long; postganglionic axons are short in the parasympathetic system.

12 pairs of nerves that carry sensory and motor signals from the brain.

Carry motor pathways and sensory information from head and neck.