Parasitology Quiz: Taenia saginata vs Taenia solium

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Questions and Answers

What is characteristic of the scolex of Taenia saginata?

Has peripheral chromatin

Lacks rostellar hooks (correct)

Armed with 2 rows of large and small hooklets

Has a rostellum

How many proglottids does Taenia saginata have?

3000-4000

100-200

2000-3000

1000-2000 (correct)

What is characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica?

Motility in one direction, progressive (correct)

Motility in several directions, sluggish

Nucleus with uniformly sized chromatin granules

Endoplasm with bacteria, yeasts, and cell detritus

What is characteristic of Entamoeba coli?

Motility in several directions, sluggish Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica?

One pseudopod, finger-like Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the cyst of Entamoeba histolytica?

Chromatoidal bars present Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the nucleus of Entamoeba histolytica?

Consists of thin nuclear membrane with uniformly sized chromatin granules Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the nucleus of Entamoeba coli?

Consists of thicker nuclear membrane with variously sized chromatin granules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combination of macro- and microgametocytes in the Anopheles mosquito?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic periodic fever pattern of P.falciparum?

Every 36 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of P.falciparum infection?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thick blood film in malaria diagnosis?

To screen for malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hypnozoites in malaria?

To release merozoites Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is resistant to malaria?

Sickle cell disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mixed infection of P.vivax and P.falciparum?

Mixed infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stain used in the diagnosis of malaria?

Giemsa stain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of congenital infection?

Toxoplasma gondii Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the trophozoite stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?

It has two nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii?

Sabin-Feldman dye test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii?

Gastroenteritis with diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the form of Toxoplasma gondii that is actively dividing?

Tachyzoite Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate host of Diphyllobothrium latum?

Copepods Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the vacuolated form of Blastocystis hominis?

It has a large central vacuole Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Through the transmission of Enterobius vermicularis eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name of the insect that is the vector of urban dengue?

Tiger mosquito Signup and view all the answers

What type of filariasis is Mansonia bonneae associated with?

Brugian filariasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining thick blood films in laboratory methods?

Screening for malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cockroach that lays about 50 egg capsules?

Periplaneta americana Signup and view all the answers

What type of larvae is associated with the disease Myiasis?

Dipterous larvae Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name of Pthirus pubis?

Crab louse Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mosquito that is a vector of rural dengue?

Aedes albopictus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fly that has a 'chess-board appearance'?

Sarcophaga Signup and view all the answers

What is the Leishman-Donovan body also known as?

Amastigote Signup and view all the answers

What is the agent of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Leishmania tropica Signup and view all the answers

Where is the nucleus located in the Epimastigote form?

Near nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the vector of Leishmania?

Phlebotomus Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathology of Leishmania tropica?

Localized cutaneous infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the habitat of Leishmania braziliensis?

Mucocutaneous junctions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stool Examination

Taenia saginata: no scolex, length up to 25m, 1000-2000 proglottids
Taenia solium: scolex with rostellum and 2 rows of hooklets, length up to 7m

Amoebas

Entamoeba:
- Trophozoite: unidirectional motility, 1 pseudopod, endoplasm with RBC but no bacteria
- Cyst: peripheral chromatin, chromatoidal bars
Endolimax/Iodamoeba:
- No peripheral chromatin, no chromatoidal bars

Hemoflagellates

Include trypanosomes and leishmanias
Infect blood, lymph nodes, muscles, and RES
Amastigote: Leishman-Donovan body, leishmanial form
Promastigote: leptomonal form, near nucleus
Epimastigote: crithidial form, near nucleus
Trypomastigote: trypanosomal form, posterior to nucleus

Leishmania

Leishmania tropica: agent of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis, habitat in endothelial cells and monocytes, vector Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia
Leishmania braziliensis: agent of American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, habitat in mucocutaneous junctions, vector Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia

Malaria

Symptoms and Pathology: recurrent chills and fever, anemia, splenomegaly, joint pain
P. falciparum: malignant tertian malaria, cerebral malaria, blackwater fever
P. ovale: benign tertian malaria
P. vivax: benign tertian malaria, relapse due to hypnozoites
P. malariae: quartan malaria
Lab Diagnosis: examination of blood film, thick film for screening, thin film for species identification

Toxoplasma gondii

Characteristics: common cause of congenital infection
DH: cat, oocyst in cat feces may infect man
IH: man, bradyzoite = inactive form, tachyzoite = actively dividing
Lab Diagnosis: Sabin-Feldman dye test

Other Intestinal Protozoans

Blastocystis hominis: vacuolated form, large central vacuole
Dientamoeba fragilis: former amoeba, now classified as flagellate, trophozoite stage only, 2 nuclei (“Binucleated trophozoite”)

Arthropods

Copepods (Cyclops): IH of D. latum, D. medinensis, and Gnathostoma spinigerum
Pthirus pubis: crab louse, agent of “crabs”
Myiasis: invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae
Cantharidin: volatile vessicating substance produced by beetles of the family Meloidae
Various mosquitoes and flies, including vectors of diseases such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and filariasis

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Description

Compare and contrast the characteristics of Taenia saginata and Taenia solium, including scolex, length, and proglottids.