Parasitology Quiz: Key Concepts and Mode of Infection
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Questions and Answers

What term describes a preferred site where a parasite feeds or resides within or on a host?

  • Aberrant site
  • Trophic transmission
  • Predilection site (correct)
  • Commensalism

    • Which life cycle strategy allows a parasite to be transmitted to the next host when the current host is eaten?

  • Enhancing predator avoidance in intermediate hosts
  • Trophic transmission (correct)
  • Motile life cycle stages
  • Using vectors to deliver parasites

    • What term describes a site in or on a host which is not a normal location for the parasite?

  • Predilection site
  • Vector
  • Commensalism
  • Aberrant site (correct)

    • What is a potential advantage of a parasite having a complex life cycle involving more than one host?

    <p>Easier to avoid the host's immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of Leucochloridium paradoxum, the 'Zombie Snails' parasite?

    <p>It is an endoparasite that lives inside the snail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior exhibited by infected fish due to heavy infections or altered behavioral traits?

    <p>Swimming close to the water surface and exhibiting risky behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Toxoplasma gondii reproduce and complete its life cycle?

    <p>It reproduces sexually in cats and asexually in rodents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon referred to as 'Fatal Feline Attraction'?

    <p>Rodents losing their fear of cats, making them easier prey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Leucochloridium paradoxum, what role does the bird host play in the parasite's life cycle?

    <p>The bird host is attracted to the infected snail and consumes it, spreading the parasite further.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle does Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) have?

    <p>Direct life cycle without a paratenic host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the life cycle of Toxocara canis is correct?

    <p>Toxocara canis has an indirect life cycle with a paratenic host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in parasites?

    <p>Sexual reproduction results in greater genetic diversity, while asexual reproduction lacks genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe arrested development in parasites that has a seasonal basis?

    <p>Hypobiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a parasitic symbiotic relationship?

    <p>Endoparasitism, where one organism lives inside another and harms it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about parasites is true?

    <p>Parasites reduce the biological fitness of their host to some extent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an endoparasite and an ectoparasite?

    <p>An endoparasite lives inside its host, while an ectoparasite lives on the surface of its host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of infection for parasites?

    <p>Skin penetration by larvae or cysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a paratenic host in the life cycle of a parasite?

    <p>It is a non-required transport host in which no development occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a direct life cycle in parasites?

    <p>It requires only one host to complete the life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an endoparasite?

    <p>A cestode platyhelminth living in the intestine of fish and mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between an organism that engages in phoresis and its host?

    <p>The organisms are nutritionally independent of each other and have a facultative association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a facultative parasite?

    <p>The fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between an ectoparasite and its host?

    <p>The parasite lives on the surface of the host and derives all of its food from the host, which is harmed to some extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

    <p>Two organisms that are nutritionally independent and have a facultative association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is commonly exhibited by animals infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum?

    <p>Increased aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary characteristic of Ehrlichia bacteria infection in animals?

    <p>Enlarged lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is classified as an ectoparasite?

    <p>Monogenea ectoparasitic flatworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Heartworm parasitic roundworm infection in dogs?

    <p>Persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mode of transmission of tick-borne infections like Anaplasma phagocytophilum?

    <p>Infected tick bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus of rickettsial bacteria transmitted to vertebrates by ticks?

    <p>Ehrlichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection affects white blood cells and is transmitted by the deer tick?

    <p>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of roundworm is spread through the bites of mosquitoes?

    <p>Heartworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of ectoparasites includes flatworms that are especially found on the skin, fins, and gills of fish?

    <p>Monogenea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is diagnosed microscopically from a deep skin scrape of an infected animal and is found in low numbers in healthy dogs?

    <p>Ectoparasitic mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for the parasitic roundworm Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of dog heartworm disease?

    <p>Transmission by infected mosquitoes during blood feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the life cycle of the ectoparasitic flatworm Monogenea?

    <p>Undergoes a free-swimming larval stage before infecting the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice?

    <p>They primarily feed on the host's blood or skin, residing on the exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relationship between Ehrlichia bacteria and a mammalian host?

    <p>Parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a paratenic host in the life cycle of the parasitic nematode Toxocara canis?

    <p>It provides a means for the parasite to be transmitted to the next host when the current host is eaten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for the intracellular bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of anaplasmosis?

    <p>Vector-borne transmission by infected ticks during blood feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the feeding habit of ectoparasites like ticks, mites, fleas, and lice?

    <p>Hematophagous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monogenea flatworms are primarily known for parasitizing which part of their host's body?

    <p>Gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasite is Dirofilaria immitis, commonly known as heartworm in dogs?

    <p>Endoparasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes a disease transmitted by which vector?

    <p>Tick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of Ehrlichia bacteria infection in animals?

    <p>Fever, lethargy, and decreased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ectoparasite?

    <p>Tick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle does Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) have?

    <p>Indirect life cycle with one intermediate host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its host?

    <p>Parasitism, where the parasite harms the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a parasitic symbiotic relationship?

    <p>Tapeworm and human host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Kinetoplastorida order of flagellated protists?

    <p>They are transmitted by biting insects and parasitize the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these flagellated protists is known to cause the disease giardiasis in humans?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Trypanosoma genus of flagellated protists?

    <p>They are parasites of the blood, generally transmitted by biting insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these flagellated protists is known to cause the disease histomoniasis, also called 'blackhead', in poultry?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Diplomonadorida order of flagellated protists?

    <p>They are predominantly found in the intestines of their hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct classification for the protozoan genus Giardia?

    <p>Subphylum Mastigophora, Class Diplomonadorida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of the protozoan genus Trypanosoma?

    <p>Transmitted by biting insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for the subphylum classification of flagellated protozoa, which includes the genus Giardia?

    <p>Mastigophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a genus of flagellated protozoa that is a parasite of poultry?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct classification for the protozoan genus Trypanosoma?

    <p>Subphylum Mastigophora, Class Kinetoplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in humans?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a group of flagellated protozoans that includes the causative agents of African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease?

    <p>Kinetoplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a flagellated protozoan parasite that infects birds and causes histomoniasis (blackhead disease)?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Kinetoplastida group of flagellated protozoans?

    <p>Presence of a kinetoplast (a specialized region of the mitochondrion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Trypanosoma genus, which includes the causative agents of African sleeping sickness?

    <p>They have a single flagellum and are capable of antigenic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Giardia?

    <p>Formation of cysts in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of locomotion for Trypanosoma?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is characterized by chronic infections and the development of immunity?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Kinetoplastida from other protozoa in terms of their reproductive strategy?

    <p>Schizogony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of protozoa, which process leads to the exponential increase in numbers and destruction of host cells?

    <p>Schizogony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is known to cause giardiasis in humans?

    <p>Trypanosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical method of feeding for most protozoa?

    <p>Through a cytostome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoa is a flagellate parasite?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is known to form cysts in the environment or in the host?

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the morphology of sporocysts between Eimeria and Goussia among Apicomplexans?

    <p>Differences in sporocyst morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Kinetoplastida?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is a causative agent of African sleeping sickness in humans?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is a common cause of giardiasis, a diarrheal disease in humans?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is a causative agent of histomoniasis, a disease affecting turkeys and other gallinaceous birds?

    <p>Histomonas meleagridis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is a causative agent of Chagas disease, transmitted by triatomine bugs?

    <p>Trypanosoma cruzi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic used to classify protozoa according to the text?

    <p>Motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum does Giardia belong to as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Metamonada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is known to cause the disease 'blackhead' in poultry?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Kinetoplastids like Trypanosoma as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Presence of kinetoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei but is not an animal, plant, or fungus?

    <p>Protist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes organisms known for their locomotion by cilia, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Entamoeba' belongs to which group of protozoa as per the text?

    <p>'Amoebozoa'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Neospora' is categorized under which phylum according to the text?

    <p>'Apicomplexa'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Balantidium' is a representative of which group of protozoa discussed in the text?

    <p>'Ciliophora'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of protozoa includes members classified based on their motility?

    <p>Euglenozoa- Kinetoplastea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Amoebozoa protists?

    <p>Ability to form pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms exhibit amitochondriate flagellates and amoeboflagellates?

    <p>Euglenozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of locomotion for organisms in Phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Movement by cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Balantidium' belongs to which order of flagellated protists?

    <p>Kinetoplastorida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan group predominantly exhibits amoeboid movement by pseudopodia?

    <p>'Entamoeba' group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of protozoa is characterized by their locomotion using pseudopods?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum of protozoa exhibits unique motility through an anterior flagellum and a posterior flagellum, often referred to as 'euglenoid movement'?

    <p>Euglenozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phyla of protozoa is primarily characterized by their use of cilia for movement?

    <p>Phylum Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is a representative of the phylum Ciliophora and is known for causing a disease called balantidiasis in humans?

    <p>Toxoplasma gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of protozoa belongs to the phylum Amoebozoa and includes species like Entamoeba histolytica, a pathogenic parasite that causes amoebiasis in humans?

    <p>Naegleria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Amoebozoa mentioned in the text?

    <p>Asexual reproduction through binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes organisms like Trypanosoma cruzi that cause Chagas disease?

    <p>Phylum Kinetoplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Euglenozoa (Excavates) as discussed in the text?

    <p>A genus of kinetoplastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan genus is specifically mentioned for causing histomoniasis in poultry?

    <p>Histomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of parasitic protozoans, which organism belongs to Phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Balantidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of reproduction for Balantidium coli, a ciliate parasite?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is known to cause dysentery in humans?

    <p>Amoeba proteus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of protozoa, what is a common feature of organisms classified under the phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Presence of cilia for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is commonly found as a commensal in the human intestine?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes amoebae of the genus Entamoeba from other amoeboid protozoans in terms of pathogenicity?

    <p>Ability to form cysts for survival in harsh conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is common in protozoa for absorbing nutrients through their cell membranes?

    <p>Cytostome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix is added to the term 'zoite' to denote a form which feeds and grows?

    <p>Tropho-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan form is characterized by rapid division?

    <p>Tachyzoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Bradyzoites primarily do in terms of division?

    <p>Divide slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan form can also be infective when two hosts are involved?

    <p>Merozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoan parasites is known to cause balantidiasis in humans and other mammals?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan phylum is characterized by locomotion using cilia?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for the protozoan parasite Balantidium coli?

    <p>Contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoan groups includes the genus Entamoeba, known for causing amoebic dysentery?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the protozoan group Euglenozoa?

    <p>They are flagellated protists, including the genus Trypanosoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Amoebozoa protists?

    <p>They exhibit amoeboid movement by pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entamoeba, a genus of amoeboid protists, is classified under which group?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Euglenozoa group, also known as Excavates?

    <p>They have a kinetoplast structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balantidium, a genus of ciliated protists, is classified under which phylum?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the phylum Ciliophora is correct?

    <p>They use cilia for locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups is known for its diverse modes of locomotion, including pseudopodia, flagella, and gliding movements?

    <p>Euglenozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes members that are known to form cysts in the environment or in a host?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes members that are known to be part of the normal microbiota and do not cause disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes members that exhibit asexual reproduction through processes like binary fission, budding, and schizogony/multiple fission?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes members that are known to be host-specific or have a broad spectrum of hosts, including zoonotic potential?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Amoebozoa, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Locomotion by pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Euglenozoa (Excavates) as discussed in the text?

    <p>Amitochondriate flagellates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes organisms known for their locomotion by cilia, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of protozoa belongs to the phylum Amoebozoa and includes species like Entamoeba histolytica, a pathogenic parasite that causes amoebiasis in humans?

    <p>Entamoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of locomotion for the flagellated protist Balantidium, which is classified under the phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan genus is known to cause a parasitic disease in humans, pigs, and other mammals called balantidiasis?

    <p>Entamoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of locomotion for organisms classified under Phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum of protozoa includes organisms known for their motility through an anterior and posterior flagellum, often referred to as 'euglenoid movement'?

    <p>Euglenozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balantidium coli, a parasitic ciliate, is known to cause which disease in humans and pigs?

    <p>Balantidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of amoeboid protists is known to include species causing diseases in humans such as amoebic dysentery?

    <p>Entamoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum is characterized by the presence of pseudopods for locomotion and feeding?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups exhibits a unique form of locomotion called 'euglenoid movement'?

    <p>Euglenozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balantidium coli, a ciliate parasite, is known to cause which disease in humans and other mammals?

    <p>Balantidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genera belongs to the phylum Amoebozoa and includes the pathogenic species Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Entamoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum of protozoa is characterized by the presence of cilia for locomotion?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Amoebozoa?

    <p>They exhibit amoeboid movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is classified under the phylum Euglenozoa (Excavates)?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) is correct?

    <p>They use cilia for locomotion and feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is known to cause balantidiasis, a disease of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is a causative agent of amoebic dysentery?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Amoebozoa group?

    <p>Locomotion by means of pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes the genus Entamoeba, known for causing amoebic dysentery?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Euglenozoa group, also known as Excavates?

    <p>Possession of a kinetoplast structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoan groups is known for its locomotion by cilia?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a ciliated protozoan parasite that can cause balantidiasis in humans and other mammals?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Amoebozoa group?

    <p>Locomotion by means of pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Euglenozoa (Excavates) group?

    <p>Possession of a kinetoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes organisms known for their locomotion by cilia?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoan groups does Balantidium belong to?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of protozoa does the genus Entamoeba, known for causing amoebic dysentery, belong to?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan phylum is characterized by locomotion using cilia?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoans is commonly found as a commensal in the human intestine?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of reproduction for Balantidium coli, a ciliate parasite?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Kinetoplastida order of flagellated protists?

    <p>Presence of a kinetoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a parasitic symbiotic relationship?

    <p>Cryptobia in the stomach of lumpfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan group predominantly exhibits amoeboid movement by pseudopodia?

    <p>Amoebozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of commensalism involving a protozoan?

    <p>Entamoeba in the human intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is a representative of the phylum Ciliophora and is known for causing a disease called balantidiasis in humans?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protist groups includes members that are known to be part of the normal microbiota and do not cause disease?

    <p>Ciliophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum does Giardia belong to as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The text does not mention the phylum of Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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