Podcast
Questions and Answers
Stools after taking oil laxatives, barium, or bismuth salts are not suitable for examination due to their ___.
Stools after taking oil laxatives, barium, or bismuth salts are not suitable for examination due to their ___.
contamination
Water contamination will cause growth of non-pathogenic ___ organisms.
Water contamination will cause growth of non-pathogenic ___ organisms.
organisms
Trophozoites and cysts appear in stool by ___ to rule out a negative result.
Trophozoites and cysts appear in stool by ___ to rule out a negative result.
interval
Immediate examination must be observed to avoid disintegration of protozoan ___.
Immediate examination must be observed to avoid disintegration of protozoan ___.
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Do not freeze or ___ stool samples to ensure the viability of the organisms present.
Do not freeze or ___ stool samples to ensure the viability of the organisms present.
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In a ______, only the parasite derives benefit while the host may not be harmed.
In a ______, only the parasite derives benefit while the host may not be harmed.
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A ______ host is one that harbors the parasite without showing symptoms.
A ______ host is one that harbors the parasite without showing symptoms.
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______ is a relationship beneficial to both organisms.
______ is a relationship beneficial to both organisms.
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______ hosts are responsible for transferring parasites from one location to another.
______ hosts are responsible for transferring parasites from one location to another.
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In a parasitic relationship, the host experiences ______.
In a parasitic relationship, the host experiences ______.
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CSF is collected in a sterile, tight sealing ______.
CSF is collected in a sterile, tight sealing ______.
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Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax cause parasitic infection of the oral ______.
Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax cause parasitic infection of the oral ______.
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The term ______ refers to parasites that can cause disease.
The term ______ refers to parasites that can cause disease.
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Symbiosis literally means '______ together'.
Symbiosis literally means '______ together'.
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Nasal Discharge is collected and examined for the presence of ______ fowleri.
Nasal Discharge is collected and examined for the presence of ______ fowleri.
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Stool specimens should be collected in clean, wide-mouth containers with ______ fitting lids.
Stool specimens should be collected in clean, wide-mouth containers with ______ fitting lids.
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The dependence degree of a parasite on its host can vary, causing ______ to one while benefiting the other.
The dependence degree of a parasite on its host can vary, causing ______ to one while benefiting the other.
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Specimens should be collected prior to any anti-______ medications.
Specimens should be collected prior to any anti-______ medications.
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Worms, eggs and protozoan parasites are best suited to detect in stool after ______.
Worms, eggs and protozoan parasites are best suited to detect in stool after ______.
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Specimens should avoid contamination with any liquid such as urine and ______.
Specimens should avoid contamination with any liquid such as urine and ______.
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Pus cells are associated with ______ structure.
Pus cells are associated with ______ structure.
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Eye contact with infected swimming ______ can lead to health issues.
Eye contact with infected swimming ______ can lead to health issues.
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______ are organisms that attack an unusual host, such as E. granulosus in humans.
______ are organisms that attack an unusual host, such as E. granulosus in humans.
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A ______ host is one where the sexual reproduction of the parasite takes place.
A ______ host is one where the sexual reproduction of the parasite takes place.
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______ parasites cannot survive without a host.
______ parasites cannot survive without a host.
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Facultative parasites can live either a parasitic or free-living existence under favorable ______.
Facultative parasites can live either a parasitic or free-living existence under favorable ______.
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An ______ host is where the larval or asexual stages of a parasite are found.
An ______ host is where the larval or asexual stages of a parasite are found.
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The term ______ refers to organisms benefiting from living alongside others, often without harm.
The term ______ refers to organisms benefiting from living alongside others, often without harm.
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N. fowleri is an example of a ______ parasite that can thrive under certain conditions.
N. fowleri is an example of a ______ parasite that can thrive under certain conditions.
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Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis is best achieved by examination of ______
Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis is best achieved by examination of ______
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N-acetyl-L-cysteine is a ______ agent that is used to digest mucoid specimens.
N-acetyl-L-cysteine is a ______ agent that is used to digest mucoid specimens.
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Specimens drawn from the body by ______ can be examined for infections.
Specimens drawn from the body by ______ can be examined for infections.
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A lumbar puncture is performed on patients showing symptoms of ______.
A lumbar puncture is performed on patients showing symptoms of ______.
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Patients with certain infections may exhibit symptoms of ______.
Patients with certain infections may exhibit symptoms of ______.
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Parasitic infections invade humans during the ______ stage.
Parasitic infections invade humans during the ______ stage.
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Cerebrospinal fluid may occasionally be infected with ______ organisms.
Cerebrospinal fluid may occasionally be infected with ______ organisms.
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Duodenal aspirates are employed for the demonstration of infections with ______.
Duodenal aspirates are employed for the demonstration of infections with ______.
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Symptoms associated with parasitic disease include ______, fever, and abdominal pain.
Symptoms associated with parasitic disease include ______, fever, and abdominal pain.
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The calcoflour white stain is used to examine scrapings directly for ______ infections.
The calcoflour white stain is used to examine scrapings directly for ______ infections.
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One method used in diagnosing parasitic infection is through ______ examination.
One method used in diagnosing parasitic infection is through ______ examination.
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Laboratory diagnosis is significantly based on laboratory ______ or test results.
Laboratory diagnosis is significantly based on laboratory ______ or test results.
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Common treatment for parasitic infections includes ______ medications.
Common treatment for parasitic infections includes ______ medications.
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It is essential to maintain good personal ______ to prevent parasitic infections.
It is essential to maintain good personal ______ to prevent parasitic infections.
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Vitamin ______ deficiency can be a symptom of parasitic diseases.
Vitamin ______ deficiency can be a symptom of parasitic diseases.
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Using protective ______ and netting can help prevent parasitic infections.
Using protective ______ and netting can help prevent parasitic infections.
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Study Notes
Parasitology
- Parasitology is the study of organisms that depend on another organism for survival.
- It involves understanding parasites that infect humans, including their morphology, epidemiology, life cycles, the diseases they cause, host responses, and preventative measures.
Mode of Transmission
- Parasites can be transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water.
- Hand-to-mouth contact, insect bites, sexual contact, and contact with contaminated water can also spread parasites.
Parasite-Host Relationship
- Ectoparasites: Live externally on the host. Examples include lice and some types of amoeba. Host infection by these parasites is called infestation.
- Endoparasites: Live internally within the host's body. Examples include protozoa and helminths. Host infection by these parasites is called infection.
- Obligate Parasites: Organisms that cannot survive without a host (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii).
- Facultative Parasites: Organism with the ability to live either inside or outside their host (e.g., N. fowleri).
Types of Hosts
- Definitive Host: Host where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction.
- Intermediate Host: Host where the parasite undergoes asexual reproduction or develops larval stages..
- Accidental/Incidental host: Host that is not the normal host of the parasite but may be infected if exposed.
- Reservoir Host: This host can pass the parasite on to another susceptible host.
Other Terms
- Symbiosis: A relationship involving two or more species that benefit from each other's presence.
- Commensalism: A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
- Mutualism: A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Parasitism: A symbiotic relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (the host), often causing harm.
Diagnostic Methods
- Clinical Diagnosis Physical examination based on signs & symptoms
- Laboratory Diagnosis Based on the evaluation of laboratory reports for parasitic identification. Includes examining stool, blood, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), urine, or other specimens
Treatment
- Treatments will vary based on the specific parasite and the severity of the infection.
- Common treatments include antiparasitics, diet changes, and vitamin supplements.
Prevention and Control
- Prevention methods include maintaining good sanitation, avoidance of unprotected sexual activity, avoiding consumption of contaminated water/food. Developing parasite awareness programs.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of parasitology, including the study of parasites, their modes of transmission, and the dynamics of the parasite-host relationship. Understand how parasites invade human hosts and the preventative measures that can be taken against them.
