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Questions and Answers
What is the infective stage of T.solium?
Which of the following is false about T.saginata and T.solium?
Which parasitic organism is responsible for causing Roman's sign?
What is the definitive host of D.latum?
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Which is the largest protozoa?
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What is the infective stage of Fasciola hepatica?
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Which host is associated with Loa Loa?
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Which characteristic is true of O.volvulus microfilaria?
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What is the infective stage of Plasmodium falciparum?
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Which of the following proteins can be detected by ICT for malaria?
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What is the significance of the precipitation line thickness in ICT tests for malaria?
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Which of the following is the primary host for Plasmodium vivax?
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What kind of parasites are Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia considered?
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Which stage of Fasciola hepatica is considered the diagnostic stage?
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What is the defective host for the parasite Trypanosoma brucei?
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Which stage of the Leishmania parasite is infective to humans?
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Which of the following parasites utilizes a flea as an intermediate host?
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What type of eggs do Fasciola hepatica have in diagnostic tests?
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What is the diagnostic stage of Schistosoma haematobium?
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Which of the following is the intermediate host for Echinococcus granulosus?
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Which parasite is transmitted by the blackfly?
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All of the following parasites are classified as haemoparasites EXCEPT?
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Study Notes
Parasitology Key Facts
- Leishmania: Transmitted by sandflies, primarily infects macrophages.
- Leishmania chagasi: Not present in Sudan.
- Hymenolepis nana: Known as dwarf tapeworm, measures 4 cm, with its eggs being the infective stage.
- Ascaris lumbricoides: Referred to as giant roundworm.
- Balantidium coli: Largest protozoan known.
- Fasciola buski: Largest intestinal fluke.
- Taenia solium: Gravid proglottid displays fewer uterine branches compared to Taenia saginata.
- Infective stages:
- T. saginata: Cysticercus bovis.
- T. solium: Cysticercus cellulosae.
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Scolex characteristics:
- T. saginata has 4 suckers and hooks.
- T. solium has 4 suckers without hooks.
- Intermediate hosts:
- T. saginata: Cattle.
- T. solium: Pigs.
- Definitive host for both tapeworms: Humans.
- Trypanosoma cruzi causes Roman's sign, an inflamed eye condition.
- Echinococcus granulosus's main definitive host is dogs, while sheep and humans act as intermediates.
- Both herpes and pox viruses are classified as DNA enveloped viruses.
- Giardia lamblia: Infective stage is the cyst, while diagnostic stages include both cysts and trophozoites.
- Diphyllobothrium latum: Infective stage is plerocercoid or sparganum larvae; definitive host is humans.
- D. latum eggs hatch in freshwater environments.
- Fasciola hepatica infective stage is metacercariae.
- Liver flukes include F. hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis, while F. buski is distinguished as an intestinal fluke.
- Intermediate hosts for Wucheria bancrofti: female mosquitoes (Anopheles, Culex).
- Intermediate host for Onchocerca volvulus: female blackfly (Simulium).
- Loa loa transmission vector: deer fly (Chrysops).
- Loa loa microfilaria: diurnal periodicity and sheathed.
- O. volvulus microfilaria: diurnal periodicity and unsheathed.
- Best detection time for W. bancrofti in blood: 10 p.m. – 4 a.m. (nocturnal periodicity).
- O. volvulus lifespan: Up to 10 years.
- Best diagnostic sample for O. volvulus: Skin snip; blood samples for Loa loa detection.
- Hookworms: Oviparous, not true filarial worms; can lead to megaloblastic anemia.
- Toxoplasma gondii: Infective stage is the oocyst found in domestic cat feces, with no central nervous system invasion.
- Schistosoma: Classified as trematodes, can lead to hypertension.
- Schistosoma eggs lack an operculum.
- Complications from schistosomiasis arise from the presence of eggs, leading to granuloma formation, not from the adult worms.
- Adult Schistosoma are not present in stool samples.
- Plasmodium falciparum: Trophozoite is referred to as a ring stage, categorized as a haemoparasite.
- ICT for malaria detects:
- HRP2 (Histidine-rich protein).
- pLDH (species-specific lactate dehydrogenase).
- Aldolase enzyme.
- The line thickness on an ICT test correlates with parasitemia levels.
Summary Tables of Parasites
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Entamoeba histolytica:
- Infective stage: Cysts.
- Diagnostic stage: Cysts +trophozoites.
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Giardia lamblia:
- Infective stage: Cysts.
- Diagnostic stage: Cysts +trophozoites.
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Balantidium coli:
- Infective stage: Cysts.
- Diagnostic stage: Cysts +trophozoites.
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Ascaris lumbricoides:
- Infective stage: Embryonated eggs.
- Diagnostic stage: Unfertilized or fertilized eggs.
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Taenia saginata:
- Intermediate host: Cattle.
- Definitive host: Human.
- Infective stage: Cysticercus bovis.
- Diagnostic stage: Eggs + proglottids.
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Taenia solium:
- Intermediate host: Pig.
- Definitive host: Human.
- Infective stage: Cysticercus cellulose.
- Diagnostic stage: Eggs + proglottids.
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Diphyllobothrium latum:
- Intermediate hosts: 1st - Cyclops, 2nd - Fish.
- Definitive host: Human.
- Infective stage: Plerocercoid sparganum larvae.
- Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated eggs.
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Fasciolopsis buski:
- Intermediate host: Snail.
- Definitive host: Human, pig.
- Infective stage: Metacercariae.
- Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated egg.
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Plasmodium species (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae):
- Intermediate host: Human.
- Definitive host: Mosquito.
- Infective stage: Sporozoites.
- Diagnostic stage: Trophozoites + Schizonts + Gametocytes.
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Toxoplasma gondii:
- Intermediate host: Human.
- Definitive host: Cat.
- Infective stage: Oocyst.
- Diagnostic stage: Tissue cysts.
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Description
Test your knowledge on important parasites and their characteristics with this quiz. Discover details about Leishmania, tapeworms, and various protozoa and flukes. Enhance your understanding of their life cycles and impact on health.
