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Questions and Answers
What is the life cycle of Alaria Americana (trematode in the family Diplostomatidae) involving the penetration of the 2nd intermediate host?
What is the life cycle of Alaria Americana (trematode in the family Diplostomatidae) involving the penetration of the 2nd intermediate host?
- Penetrate the tadpoles and become infective mesocercariae. (correct)
- Enter the lungs of carnivorous mammals as mature worms.
- Develop via the liver of ruminants.
- Directly penetrate the definitive host like dogs.
Where do Alaria americana trematodes primarily live in carnivorous mammals?
Where do Alaria americana trematodes primarily live in carnivorous mammals?
- Rumen
- Kidney
- Small intestines (correct)
- Liver
What is the mode of infection for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants?
What is the mode of infection for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants?
- Consumes metacercaria in the food
- Consumes metacercaria in the environment (correct)
- Consumes metacercaria in the lungs
- Consumes metacercaria in the kidneys
Which organ is affected by Fasciola hepatica, leading to a 'pipestem' appearance in chronic infections?
Which organ is affected by Fasciola hepatica, leading to a 'pipestem' appearance in chronic infections?
What is a common clinical sign associated with Fasciola hepatica infections in ruminants?
What is a common clinical sign associated with Fasciola hepatica infections in ruminants?
Where do trematodes reside as adults, depending on the species?
Where do trematodes reside as adults, depending on the species?
What is the final and definitive host in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the final and definitive host in the life cycle of trematodes?
In the life cycle of trematodes, what is the name of the stage that appears as a skin rash due to an allergic reaction in humans?
In the life cycle of trematodes, what is the name of the stage that appears as a skin rash due to an allergic reaction in humans?
Which stage of trematodes' life cycle involves encystment in the environment or in a 2nd intermediate host?
Which stage of trematodes' life cycle involves encystment in the environment or in a 2nd intermediate host?
What is the name of the trematode genus commonly known as blood flukes?
What is the name of the trematode genus commonly known as blood flukes?
Which host might consume the metacercaria in the life cycle of trematodes?
Which host might consume the metacercaria in the life cycle of trematodes?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
What is the primary clinical sign associated with chronic Fasciola hepatica infection?
What is the primary clinical sign associated with chronic Fasciola hepatica infection?
What is the intermediate host for the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the intermediate host for the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?
Which of the following can be a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
Which of the following can be a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
What is the main site of infection for the adult stage of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the main site of infection for the adult stage of Fasciola hepatica?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
Which of the following is a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
Which of the following is a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
What is the main route of migration for the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the main route of migration for the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the final host for the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica?
What is the final host for the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica?
What is the role of the miracidium stage in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the role of the miracidium stage in the life cycle of trematodes?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of trematode eggs?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of trematode eggs?
Which trematode species has been reported to have a high prevalence in domestic cats and dogs in Ecuador?
Which trematode species has been reported to have a high prevalence in domestic cats and dogs in Ecuador?
What is the term often used to describe the adult stage of trematodes?
What is the term often used to describe the adult stage of trematodes?
Which Class to flukes belong to?
Which Class to flukes belong to?
What is the subclass of trematodes consisting of parasitic flatworms?
What is the subclass of trematodes consisting of parasitic flatworms?
How many suckers do adult digenean flukes typically have?
How many suckers do adult digenean flukes typically have?
Which group is the sister group to Digenea according to the text?
Which group is the sister group to Digenea according to the text?
How many species of Aspidogastrea have been described to date?
How many species of Aspidogastrea have been described to date?
Where are adult Digenea particularly common?
Where are adult Digenea particularly common?
Flashcards
Alaria americana life cycle, 2nd intermediate host penetration
Alaria americana life cycle, 2nd intermediate host penetration
Alaria americana penetrates tadpoles, becoming infective mesocercariae.
Alaria americana trematode location in mammals
Alaria americana trematode location in mammals
Primarily in the small intestines of carnivores.
Fasciola hepatica infection in ruminants, mode
Fasciola hepatica infection in ruminants, mode
Ingestion of metacercariae from the environment.
Fasciola hepatica, affected organ
Fasciola hepatica, affected organ
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Fasciola hepatica clinical sign
Fasciola hepatica clinical sign
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Trematode adult location
Trematode adult location
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Trematode definitive host
Trematode definitive host
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Trematode cercarial rash
Trematode cercarial rash
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Trematode metacercarial stage
Trematode metacercarial stage
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Blood flukes genus
Blood flukes genus
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Trematode metacercaria consumer
Trematode metacercaria consumer
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Trematode characteristic
Trematode characteristic
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Chronic Fasciola hepatica sign
Chronic Fasciola hepatica sign
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Fasciola hepatica intermediate host
Fasciola hepatica intermediate host
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Alaria americana definitive host
Alaria americana definitive host
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Fasciola hepatica infection site
Fasciola hepatica infection site
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Trematode characteristic
Trematode characteristic
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Fasciola hepatica migration route
Fasciola hepatica migration route
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Fasciola hepatica definitive host
Fasciola hepatica definitive host
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Miracidium stage function
Miracidium stage function
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Trematode egg characteristic
Trematode egg characteristic
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Ecuadorian trematode prevalence
Ecuadorian trematode prevalence
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Adult trematode term
Adult trematode term
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Trematode Class
Trematode Class
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Trematode Subclass
Trematode Subclass
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Digenean fluke sucker count
Digenean fluke sucker count
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Sister group to Digenea
Sister group to Digenea
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Aspidogastrea species count
Aspidogastrea species count
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Digenean fluke prevalence
Digenean fluke prevalence
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Trematodes (Flukes)
- Dorso-ventrally flattened, leaf-like body shape
- Oral and ventral suckers for attachment and feeding
- Hermaphroditic but can cross-reproduce
- Large operculate eggs, diagnosis in sedimentation
Life Cycle of Trematodes
- 'Complex' life cycle with multiple hosts
- Adult: final and definitive host
- Egg: environment – miracidium
- Rediae: Intermediate host (snail)
- Cercaria: into environment again
- Metacercaria: 2nd IH; PH; or environment
- Young adult to adult: final and definitive host
- Final host consumes metacercaria in the 2nd IH or PH or in the environment
Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke/ Sheep Liver Fluke)
- Parasitic trematode of the class Trematoda, Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Infects the livers of various mammals, including humans
- Final host: ruminant
- Mode of infection: consumes metacercaria in the environment
- Location: liver, bile ducts
- Pathology: "pipestem" liver with chronic infection
- Clinical signs: anemia, bottle jaw
- Diagnosis: clinical signs + egg in feces (sedimentation) or fecal antigen test
- Intermediate host: snail
Other Facts about Trematodes
- Some species are found in water-associated birds, and ballyhoo are often found swimming very near the water surface
- Can infect carnivorous mammals, living in their small intestines as mature worms
- Some species have economic importance, but the group is of great interest to biologists due to their archaic characteristics
- Can cause swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, which appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals
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