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Questions and Answers
What is the life cycle of Alaria Americana (trematode in the family Diplostomatidae) involving the penetration of the 2nd intermediate host?
What is the life cycle of Alaria Americana (trematode in the family Diplostomatidae) involving the penetration of the 2nd intermediate host?
Where do Alaria americana trematodes primarily live in carnivorous mammals?
Where do Alaria americana trematodes primarily live in carnivorous mammals?
What is the mode of infection for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants?
What is the mode of infection for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants?
Which organ is affected by Fasciola hepatica, leading to a 'pipestem' appearance in chronic infections?
Which organ is affected by Fasciola hepatica, leading to a 'pipestem' appearance in chronic infections?
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What is a common clinical sign associated with Fasciola hepatica infections in ruminants?
What is a common clinical sign associated with Fasciola hepatica infections in ruminants?
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Where do trematodes reside as adults, depending on the species?
Where do trematodes reside as adults, depending on the species?
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What is the final and definitive host in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the final and definitive host in the life cycle of trematodes?
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In the life cycle of trematodes, what is the name of the stage that appears as a skin rash due to an allergic reaction in humans?
In the life cycle of trematodes, what is the name of the stage that appears as a skin rash due to an allergic reaction in humans?
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Which stage of trematodes' life cycle involves encystment in the environment or in a 2nd intermediate host?
Which stage of trematodes' life cycle involves encystment in the environment or in a 2nd intermediate host?
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What is the name of the trematode genus commonly known as blood flukes?
What is the name of the trematode genus commonly known as blood flukes?
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Which host might consume the metacercaria in the life cycle of trematodes?
Which host might consume the metacercaria in the life cycle of trematodes?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
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What is the primary clinical sign associated with chronic Fasciola hepatica infection?
What is the primary clinical sign associated with chronic Fasciola hepatica infection?
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What is the intermediate host for the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the intermediate host for the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?
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Which of the following can be a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
Which of the following can be a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
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What is the main site of infection for the adult stage of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the main site of infection for the adult stage of Fasciola hepatica?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of trematodes (flukes)?
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Which of the following is a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
Which of the following is a definitive host for the trematode Alaria americana?
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What is the main route of migration for the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica?
What is the main route of migration for the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica?
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What is the final host for the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica?
What is the final host for the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica?
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What is the role of the miracidium stage in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the role of the miracidium stage in the life cycle of trematodes?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of trematode eggs?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of trematode eggs?
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Which trematode species has been reported to have a high prevalence in domestic cats and dogs in Ecuador?
Which trematode species has been reported to have a high prevalence in domestic cats and dogs in Ecuador?
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What is the term often used to describe the adult stage of trematodes?
What is the term often used to describe the adult stage of trematodes?
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Which Class to flukes belong to?
Which Class to flukes belong to?
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What is the subclass of trematodes consisting of parasitic flatworms?
What is the subclass of trematodes consisting of parasitic flatworms?
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How many suckers do adult digenean flukes typically have?
How many suckers do adult digenean flukes typically have?
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Which group is the sister group to Digenea according to the text?
Which group is the sister group to Digenea according to the text?
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How many species of Aspidogastrea have been described to date?
How many species of Aspidogastrea have been described to date?
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Where are adult Digenea particularly common?
Where are adult Digenea particularly common?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Trematodes (Flukes)
- Dorso-ventrally flattened, leaf-like body shape
- Oral and ventral suckers for attachment and feeding
- Hermaphroditic but can cross-reproduce
- Large operculate eggs, diagnosis in sedimentation
Life Cycle of Trematodes
- 'Complex' life cycle with multiple hosts
- Adult: final and definitive host
- Egg: environment – miracidium
- Rediae: Intermediate host (snail)
- Cercaria: into environment again
- Metacercaria: 2nd IH; PH; or environment
- Young adult to adult: final and definitive host
- Final host consumes metacercaria in the 2nd IH or PH or in the environment
Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke/ Sheep Liver Fluke)
- Parasitic trematode of the class Trematoda, Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Infects the livers of various mammals, including humans
- Final host: ruminant
- Mode of infection: consumes metacercaria in the environment
- Location: liver, bile ducts
- Pathology: "pipestem" liver with chronic infection
- Clinical signs: anemia, bottle jaw
- Diagnosis: clinical signs + egg in feces (sedimentation) or fecal antigen test
- Intermediate host: snail
Other Facts about Trematodes
- Some species are found in water-associated birds, and ballyhoo are often found swimming very near the water surface
- Can infect carnivorous mammals, living in their small intestines as mature worms
- Some species have economic importance, but the group is of great interest to biologists due to their archaic characteristics
- Can cause swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, which appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals
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Description
Explore the parasitic relationships involving digeneans, trematodes, and their hosts, such as water-associated birds, tadpoles, frogs, snakes, and dogs. Learn about the life cycle of flukes like Cercaria and mesocercariae infecting different hosts.
