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Questions and Answers
Which nematode causes the disease known as Trichinellosis?
In which part of the body does Mansonella ozzardi typically reside?
Which nematode is associated with the transmission by a black fly and leads to River blindness?
Where is Dipetalonema streptocerca primarily found in terms of body location?
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Which nematode causes infections mainly involving the skin leading to swellings?
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What is the typical size range of hookworms?
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Which nematode parasite causes itching in the anal region due to egg laying?
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How do infective juveniles of hookworms enter the human body?
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Which nematode parasite is responsible for causing heavy infections leading to anaemia?
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What is the general life cycle pattern of nematodes like hookworms and pinworms?
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Which nematode parasite is associated with conditions like Elephantiasis and River Blindness?
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In which class of Nematoda are well-developed phasmids generally found?
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Which class of Nematoda has amphids that are pocket-like and not spiral?
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The esophagus in which class of Nematoda is usually cylindrical or bottle-shaped?
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Which nematode species has a classification within the Class Chromadorea/Secerentea?
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Which of the following nematode species belongs to the Class Enoplea/Adenophorea?
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What feature is generally absent in Class Enoplea/Adenophorea but present in Class Chromadorea/Secerentea?
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Study Notes
Filarial Worms
- Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted by a black fly and causes River Blindness, also known as onchocerciasis or leopard skin.
- Loa loa is transmitted by a deer fly and causes subcutaneous swellings in Africa.
- Dipetalonema streptocerca is transmitted by a midge and causes subcutaneous damage in Africa.
- D. perstans is transmitted by a midge and affects the thoracic and abdominal cavities in South America.
- Mansonella ozzardi is transmitted by a midge and affects the peritoneal cavity in South America.
Hookworms
- Hookworms have a hook-like curve at the anterior end and attach to the intestine.
- Necator americanus is the most common hookworm.
- Hookworms are separate sexes, with large plates in the mouth that cut into the intestinal wall and suck the host's blood.
- Heavy infections cause anemia.
- Eggs are passed out in feces and juveniles hatch in soil, infecting humans through skin contact.
- The life cycle of hookworms involves traveling in the blood to the lungs, being coughed up to be swallowed, and maturing in the intestine.
Pin Worms
- Enterobius vermicularis is the most common worm parasite in the tropics and subtropics.
- Adults live in the large intestine.
- Females migrate to the anal region at night and lay eggs, causing itching.
- Scratching the anal region contaminates hands and bedclothes.
- Eggs develop rapidly and become infective within six hours at body temperature.
- When swallowed, eggs hatch in the duodenum and mature in the large intestine.
Classification
- Class Chromadorea/Secerentea:
- Features include well-developed phasmids, mostly parasitic, pore-like or slit-like amphid apertures, annulated cuticle, and esophagus divided into bulbs.
- Examples include Ascaris, Necator (Hookworm), Dracunculus (Guinea Worm), and Wuchereria (Microfilaria).
- Class Enoplea/Adenophorea:
- Features include well-developed amphids, mainly free-living, pocket-like amphids, smooth or finely striated cuticle, and esophagus cylindrical or bottle-shaped.
- Examples include Trichuris spp. and Trichinella spp.
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Description
Test your knowledge on parasitic worms and vector-borne diseases such as Onchocerca, Loa loa, and Dipetalonema. Learn about their transmission through insects like black flies, deer flies, and midges in regions like Africa. Explore the impact of these parasites on human health.
