Parasitic Infection Life Cycle in Pigs
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Questions and Answers

How do the infective larvae typically enter the host?

  • By penetrating the mucosa and entering the circulation
  • Through ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked meat (correct)
  • By burrowing into the sub-epithelium of the villi
  • By depositing eggs in the mucosa
  • Where do the larvae undergo maturation after burrowing into the sub-epithelium of the villi?

  • In the lymphatic system
  • In the muscles (correct)
  • In the small intestine
  • In the stomach
  • How long does it take for encapsulation to be completed after infection?

  • 3 to 4 weeks
  • 1 to 2 weeks
  • 4 to 5 weeks (correct)
  • 2 to 3 weeks
  • What is the average lifespan of the encysted larva in humans?

    <p>5 to 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur in infected muscle cells and the larva in humans after 6 to 12 months?

    <p>Calcification of the collagen capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the larvae grow and develop into individual cysts after about 3 weeks?

    <p>Muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if an entire adult female worm is not completely removed?

    <p>Partial worm left at the site leading to toxic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of Guinea worm infection typically made?

    <p>From the local blister, worm, or larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Guinea worm infection?

    <p>Surgical incisions under local anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Toxocariasis be prevented?

    <p>Protection of drinking water from contamination with Cyclops and larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the roundworms causing Toxocariasis?

    <p>Dogs and cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't drugs be used effectively to treat Guinea worm infection?

    <p>The drugs do not kill the worms effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average size of the adult male worm?

    <p>21 by 0.4 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the anterior end of the adult female worm?

    <p>Blunt and coils rounded anterior itself at least once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do the larvae of D.medinensis induce a blister on the skin?

    <p>Larval stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are individuals infected with D.medinensis?

    <p>Through ingestion of water fleas infected with larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the larvae penetrate after being released from copepods/Cyclops in the host's body?

    <p>Stomach and intestinal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms do individuals experience as the migration of the organism occurs?

    <p>Symptoms associated with allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the larvae of Toxocara migrate after penetrating the intestinal wall of humans?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many eggs per day does a female Toxocara nematode produce?

    <p>200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the larvae of Toxocara canis develop into adult stage in dogs?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental conditions are needed for non-infective Toxocara eggs to develop into infective embryonated eggs?

    <p>High soil humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can embryonated eggs of Toxocara remain resistant to freezing, moisture, and extreme pH levels?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do older female dogs reactivate the encysted stages of Toxocara during pregnancy?

    <p>Through circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive diagnosis of toxocariasis based on?

    <p>Detection of larvae from biopsy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used for diagnosing toxocariasis based on the detection of IgG antibodies against the larvae?

    <p>Commercial immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a serum titer of 1:8 in the diagnosis of ocular larva migrans (OLM)?

    <p>It is significant for OLM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique can be used to detect and localize granulomatous lesions due to Toxocara larvae?

    <p>Computed tomography (CT) scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of Western blot in diagnosing toxocariasis?

    <p>Unable to differentiate between new and old infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider a patient's history of exposure to cats and dogs in the diagnosis of toxocariasis?

    <p>It helps in identifying the presence of typical clinical signs of OLM or VLM</p> Signup and view all the answers

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