Parasite Detection Experiments
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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific name of the human pinworm?

Enterobius vermicularis

Describe the male human pinworm's lifespan after mating.

The male human pinworm dies right after mating.

What is the size range of adult female human pinworms?

Adult females measure about 8 to 13 mm in size.

How do humans typically become infected with Enterobius vermicularis?

<p>Humans become infected by mouth or through autoinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance and dimensions of the pinworm eggs.

<p>Pinworm eggs are 50 to 60 µm by 25 µm, persimmon-seed-like, colorless, and transparent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical features help identify Enterobius vermicularis?

<p>The cephalic alae and the esophageal bulb are important identification features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are male pinworms rarely observed during infection?

<p>Males die shortly after mating, making them less commonly observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are associated with enterobiasis?

<p>Symptoms of enterobiasis include intense anal itching, especially at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Schistosoma mansoni?

<p>Manson's blood fluke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is associated with Schistosoma haemamatobium?

<p>Schistosomiasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the scientific name for the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes.

<p>Anopheles larva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease do Anopheles mosquitoes transmit?

<p>Malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a common name for the trematode worm that causes schistosomiasis.

<p>Blood fluke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the microscope in the study of helminths and arthropods?

<p>To observe and identify the morphological features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is Pediculus humanus?

<p>Human head louse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the life cycle of Schistosoma contribute to its transmission?

<p>It involves aquatic snails as intermediate hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis?

<p>Embryonated Egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Trichuris trichiura?

<p>Trichuriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Enterobiasis primarily transmitted?

<p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method is used for Enterobius vermicularis?

<p>Perianal Swab/Cellophane Tape Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the common name of Ascaris lumbricoides.

<p>Giant Roundworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Ancylostoma duodenale?

<p>Ancylostomiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific name refers to the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax?

<p>Plasmodium vivax</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is linked with Giardia lamblia?

<p>Giardiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name of the parasite that causes malaria and is known for severe attacks?

<p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the common name of Trichomonas vaginalis.

<p>Trich</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is associated with Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Amebiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Trichinella spiralis?

<p>Encysted Larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Schistosoma japonicum?

<p>Schistosomiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is Toxoplasma gondii classified as?

<p>Parasitic Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Pinworm

A common parasitic worm that infects the human intestines, causing the disease enterobiasis.

Enterobius vermicularis

The scientific name for the Human Pinworm.

Enterobiasis

The disease caused by the Human Pinworm, primarily affecting the cecum and colon.

Perianal Egg Deposition

The adult female pinworm lays eggs on the perianal skin, near the anus, causing itching and irritation.

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Female Worm Migration

The adult female pinworm migrates from the intestines to the perianal area to lay eggs. The eggs are then easily spread to the environment.

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Cellulose-Tape Perianal Swab

A diagnostic technique that involves collecting a sample from the perianal skin using a cellulose tape swab to detect pinworm eggs.

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Pinworm Egg

The eggs of the pinworm, about 50 to 60 µm by 25 µm, are described as persimmon seed-like, colorless, and transparent, with a thick and asymmetric shell.

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Autoinfection

A type of infection that occurs when an individual reinfects themselves with pinworm eggs.

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Schistosoma mansoni

A parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a disease that affects the liver, intestines, and urinary tract.

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Schistosoma haematobium

A parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a disease that affects the bladder and urinary tract.

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Schistosomiasis

A disease caused by Schistosoma parasites, primarily affecting the liver, intestines, and urinary tract.

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Schistosoma ova

The stage of a parasitic worm that is passed in the feces of infected animals.

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Schistosoma, Manson's Blood Fluke

A parasitic flatworm that infects the circulatory system of humans.

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Schistosoma, Urinary Blood Fluke

A parasitic flatworm that infects the urinary system of humans.

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Malaria

A disease caused by the Anopheles mosquito, which transmits the Plasmodium parasite to humans.

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Anopheles

A type of mosquito that transmits malaria.

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Trichuris trichiura

A parasitic roundworm that typically infects the human large intestine, particularly the cecum. It's known for its characteristic whip-like shape.

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Ancylostoma duodenale

A parasitic roundworm that infects the human small intestine, specifically the duodenum. It is known for its hook-like mouth.

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Necator americanus

A parasitic roundworm that infects the human small intestine, particularly the duodenum. It's another type of hookworm with a hook-like mouth.

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Ascaris lumbricoides

A parasitic roundworm that infects the human small intestine. This worm is known for its large size, often being several inches long.

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Plasmodium falciparum

A parasitic protozoan that infects humans, often causing malaria. This specific species is known for its characteristic crescent-shaped merozoites.

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Plasmodium ovale

A parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It has a specific 'oval' form that helps distinguish it from other malaria-causing parasites.

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Plasmodium vivax

A parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It is known for its larger schizonts and its characteristic 'vivax' form.

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Plasmodium malariae

A parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It's characterized by its unique 'malariae' form and distinctive merozoites.

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Toxoplasma gondii

A parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis in humans. It is known for its characteristic oocysts or sporocysts.

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Giardia lamblia

A parasitic protozoan that infects the human intestines, causing giardiasis. It exists in both trophozoite and cyst forms.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

A parasitic protozoan that causes trichomoniasis. It is known for its pear-shaped trophozoites.

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Entamoeba histolytica

A parasitic protozoan that causes amebiasis, a form of dysentery. It is commonly found in the intestines and exists in both trophozoite and cyst forms.

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Balantidium coli

A parasitic protozoan that causes balantidiasis. It is known for its large size and can be found in both cyst and trophozoite forms.

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Trichinella spiralis

A parasitic roundworm that infects the human intestines. It is particularly known for its ability to encyst in muscle tissue.

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Schistosoma japonicum

A parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a disease that affects the liver, intestines, and urinary bladder.

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Study Notes

Experiment 12: Cellulose-Tape Perianal Swab

  • Parasite: Enterobius vermicularis (human pinworm)
  • Disease: Enterobiasis/Enterobius
  • Adult worms: White, pin-shaped; females (8-13 mm) are fusiform, males (2-5 mm) with curved tails.
  • Female worms: Migrate to anus after mating, lay eggs on perianal skin.
  • Eggs: 50-60 μm by 25 μm, persimmon seed-like, colorless, transparent, thick, asymmetric shell, larva inside.
  • Transmission: Ingestion of eggs, autoinfection.
  • Diagnosis: Perianal swab/cellophane tape method.

Experiment 13: Microscopy of Fecal Specimen

  • Parasites: Trichuris trichiura (human whipworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis, Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  • Disease: Trichuriasis, Ancylostomiasis, Enterobiasis, Necatoriasis, Ascariasis.
  • Trichuris trichiura: Adult worms are whip-like with a curved tail in males, anterior end tapers, sided by cuticular extensions (cephalic alae), slender esophagus ending in an esophageal bulb.
  • Ancylostoma duodenale ova: Microscopic fecal examination to differentiate parasite.
  • Enterobius vermicularis ova: Microscopic fecal examination to differentiate parasite.
  • Necator americanus ova: Microscopic fecal examination to differentiate parasite.
  • Ascaris lumbricoides ova: Microscopic fecal examination to differentiate parasite.

Experiment 14: Microscopy of Hematologic Agents

  • Parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae.
  • Disease: Malaria
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of blood smear for identifying specific stages of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells (RBCs); different types of malaria are recognized by differences in the parasites' morphology within their host RBCs.

Experiment 15: Microscopy of Parasitic Protozoa

  • Parasites: Toxoplasma gondii (sporocyst), Giardia lamblia (trophozoites, cysts), Trichomonas vaginalis (trophozoites), Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoites), Entamoeba coli (cysts), Balantidium coli (cysts, trophozoites).
  • Diseases: Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Amebiasis, Balantidiasis.
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of stool samples (or other specimen) to identify and distinguish different protozoa and their stages.

Experiment 16: Microscopy of Helminths

  • Parasites: Trichinella spiralis (cysts, larvae), Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium.
  • Diseases: Trichinosis or Trichinellosis, Schistosomiasis
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of stool or other specimens to detect the specific characteristics of each parasite.

Experiment 17: Microscopy of Arthropods

  • Arthropods: Anopheles (mosquito larva, male, female), Pediculus humanus capitis (lice), Sarcoptes scabiei.
  • Diseases: Malaria, Pediculosis, Scabies.
  • Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of arthropods. This often includes identifying the species based on morphological characteristics of the arthropod specimen.

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Experiment 12: Cellulose-Tape Perianal Swab PDF

Description

This quiz covers two key laboratory techniques: the cellulose-tape perianal swab method for diagnosing Enterobius vermicularis and the microscopy of fecal specimens for various parasites. Explore the descriptions of the parasites involved, their transmission, and diagnostic methods. Test your knowledge on the identification and characteristics of these common intestinal parasites.

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