30 Questions
According to historical records, which types of sexual contacts were viewed as unnatural by the early Christian church?
Oral-genital, anal, homosexual, and animal sexual contacts
What is the primary characteristic of Exhibitionism?
Recurrent, intense sexual urges or fantasies involving exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger
What is the primary characteristic of Fetishism?
The use of nonliving objects or a highly specific focus on a body part to attain sexual arousal
What is the primary characteristic of Frotteurism?
Recurrent, intense sexual urges or fantasies involving touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person
What is a common characteristic of people who exhibit Fetishism?
A fear of rejection by members of the opposite sex
What is a common requirement for the diagnosis of Paraphilias?
A duration of at least 6 months
What is the minimum age difference between the child and the molester in pedophilia?
5 years
What is the duration of sexual urges, behaviors, or fantasies required for a diagnosis of pedophilia?
6 months
What is the key characteristic of sexual masochism disorder?
Recurrent, intense sexual urges involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
What is the term used in DSM-5 to describe pedophilia?
Pedophilic disorder
What is a common symptom of sex addiction?
Chronic, obsessive sexual thoughts and fantasies
What is the minimum age of the molester in pedophilia?
16 years
What is the primary goal of inpatient treatment programs for sex addiction?
To help individuals regain control of their impulses and start healing
What is an additional requirement for a diagnosis of sexual masochism disorder?
Psychosocial distress or interpersonal difficulty
What is the focus of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating sex addiction?
Helping individuals identify triggers for sexual impulses and alter behaviors
What is the primary difference between 12-step programs for sex addiction and other forms of treatment?
The group meetings with others addressing the same challenges
What is a consequence of untreated sex addiction?
Negative personal or professional consequences
What is the goal of pharmacotherapy in the context of sexual reassignment?
To inhibit or promote the expression of secondary sex characteristics in males and females
What is unique about the recovery model of 12-step programs for sex addiction?
It follows the same recovery model as Alcoholics Anonymous
What is the use of progestins in the context of sexual reassignment?
To inhibit the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins
What is the purpose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists?
To produce a hypogonadotropic-hypogonadal state
What is the first choice of therapy for young women with hirsutism who do not want to become pregnant?
Oral contraceptives
What is the use of estrogen derivatives in the context of sexual reassignment?
For replacement therapy in hypogonadism associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone or estrogen
What is the role of parental involvement in the context of sexual reassignment surgery?
To give approval and involvement in the decision-making process
What might certain antidepressants help alleviate?
Urges
Which sexual dysfunction is characterized by a persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to genital sexual contact?
Sexual aversion disorder
What is the primary characteristic of hypoactive sexual disorder?
Persistent or recurrently deficient sexual or erotic thoughts
What is the primary characteristic of female sexual arousal disorder according to the DSM-5?
Lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal
What is the primary characteristic of male erectile disorder?
Recurrent inability to achieve an erection, or to maintain an adequate erection
What happened to the diagnosis of sexual aversion disorder (SAD) in the development from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5?
It was removed
Study Notes
Historical View of Sexual Behavior
- In early Christian church, oral-genital, anal, homosexual, and animal sexual contacts were seen as unnatural and greater transgressions than extramarital sexual activity
- These behaviors were considered unnatural because they didn't lead to biological reproduction
Types of Paraphilias
- Exhibitionism: recurrent, intense sexual urge to expose genitals to an unsuspecting stranger for at least 6 months
- Fetishism: recurrent, intense sexual fantasy involving nonliving objects or specific body parts for at least 6 months
- Frotteurism: recurrent, intense sexual urge to touch or rub against a non-consenting person for at least 6 months
- Pedophilia: recurrent, intense sexual urge towards prepubescent child for at least 6 months
- Sexual masochism: recurrent, intense sexual urge to be humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer for at least 6 months
Sexual Reassignment Surgery
- Controversy exists regarding whether adolescents should be allowed to pursue SRS
- Early treatment may be beneficial in adolescents whose secondary sex characteristics have not yet developed fully
Pharmacologic Management
- Progestins: inhibit secretion of pituitary gonadotropins
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists: produce hypogonadotropic-hypogonadal state by down-regulating pituitary gland
- Aldosterone antagonists: block androgen receptors
- Antineoplastic, antiandrogens: used as first-line therapy for hirsutism
- Oral contraceptives: inhibit ovarian androgen production and are probably the first choice for young women with hirsutism
- Estrogen derivatives: used for replacement therapy in hypogonadism associated with estrogen deficiency
- Androgens: used for replacement therapy in hypogonadism associated with testosterone deficiency
Symptoms of Sex Addiction
- Chronic, obsessive sexual thoughts and fantasies
- Compulsive relations with multiple partners, including strangers
- Lying to cover up behaviors
- Preoccupation with having sex, even when it interferes with daily life
- Inability to stop or control behaviors
- Putting oneself or others in danger due to sexual behavior
- Feeling remorse or guilt after sex
- Experiencing negative personal or professional consequences
Treatments for Sex Addiction
- Inpatient treatment programs: remove individual from normal daily life for at least 30 days
- 12-step programs: follow same recovery model as Alcoholics Anonymous
- Cognitive behavioral therapy: help individuals identify triggers for sexual impulses and alter behaviors
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions
- Hypoactive sexual disorder: persistent or recurrently deficient sexual or erotic thoughts, fantasies, and desire for sexual activity
- Sexual aversion disorder: persistent or recurrent extreme aversion to, and avoidance of, all (or almost all) genital sexual contact with a sexual partner (removed from DSM-5)
- Female sexual arousal disorder: lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/arousal
- Male erectile disorder: recurrent inability to achieve an erection, maintain an adequate erection, and/or noticeable decrease in erectile rigidity during partnered sexual activity
Learn about the different types of paraphilias, including exhibitionism, and how they were viewed by the early Christian church. Understand the symptoms and characteristics of these behaviors.
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