Paramedic Science: Circulatory System Quiz

Blood flow between the heart and lungs. It takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Blood flow to all body tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients, and removing carbon dioxide and waste.

Blood flow to the heart muscle itself. Supplies oxygenated blood and removes deoxygenated blood.

Chest pain due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia).

Build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in artery walls (plaque), narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow.

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood out to the body.

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, allowing one-way flow of blood.

Predictable chest pain due to heart muscle needing more oxygen than it's getting, usually triggered by exertion and relieved by rest or vasodilators.

Irregular, unpredictable chest pain, often occurring at rest, and is a worsening of heart health potentially leading to a heart attack.

Severe heart attack caused by a complete blockage in a coronary artery, leading to extensive heart damage.

Heart attack with reduced blood flow, like a STEMI, but lacking ST elevation on an ECG.

Heart attack with minimal or unrecognized symptoms, but detectable on an ECG.

A group of conditions involving reduced blood flow to the heart, including unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI.

Chest discomfort, pain, or pressure, often described as heaviness, tightness, or constriction.

A plaque rupture is when a plaque in a coronary artery bursts, leading to blood clot formation.

A temporary heart condition caused by intense stress, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. The heart's main chamber changes shape, resembling a Japanese octopus trap.

A left ventricular assist device, an artificial heart pump used for severe heart failure. It assists the weakened heart in pumping blood throughout the body.

A serious condition where a tear occurs in the aorta's inner layer, causing blood to flow through the tear and split the aorta's layers. This can be life-threatening.

Aortic dissection originating in the ascending aorta and extending to the descending aorta.

Aortic dissection affecting only the ascending aorta.

Aortic dissection affecting only the descending aorta, distal to the subclavian artery.

Angina pain can occur in the center or left side of the chest, but also in the jaw, neck, back, arms, or upper stomach. It can even be felt only in these secondary locations.

Besides chest pain, angina can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, cold sweats, nausea, and vomiting.

A condition where the heart muscle weakens, preventing it from pumping blood effectively. This can lead to fluid buildup, especially in the lungs.

Narrowed arteries (coronary artery disease) and high blood pressure can damage the heart, causing it to become weak or stiff, hindering its ability to pump blood effectively.

The most common type of heart failure caused by a previous heart attack. The left ventricle contracts poorly, leading to blood backing up into the lungs.

Fluid buildup within the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs due to increased pressure in the pulmonary veins, causing reduced gas exchange.

Can be caused by left ventricular failure or lung diseases like COPD or pulmonary embolism. It involves an increase in pressure in the pulmonary veins leading to right ventricular failure, causing symptoms like leg swelling and enlarged liver.

Oedema (swelling) is classified based on the depth of the indentation left by pressing on the swollen area, ranging from 2mm to 8mm with varying rebound times.

A genetic disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, blocking blood flow and causing pain, fatigue, and infections.

A slow heart rate that causes noticeable symptoms like dizziness, fainting, and chest pain.

Vomiting blood, which might look red or like coffee grounds.

Passage of black, tarry stools due to digested blood.

Passage of bright red blood with or in the stool.

Involves the ascending aorta, the part closest to the heart.

Affects the descending aorta, the part below the left subclavian artery.

A bulge or weakened area in the aorta, the major artery in the abdomen.

Intense pain in the stomach or lower back, often a sign of a ruptured aneurysm.

A throbbing or pulsating mass in the abdomen, felt with the hand.

An abnormal connection between an artery and a vein, causing blood to bypass some capillaries.

Tissues below the bypassed capillaries receive less blood, potentially leading to complications.

Bleeding from an AV fistula can be a serious complication.