Parallel Programming Models
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Questions and Answers

What is a necessary requirement for efficient implementation of a NUMA system?

  • Specialized software library
  • Hardware support (correct)
  • Message passing model
  • Shared address space

    • What is a characteristic of the message passing model of communication?

  • Threads operate within a shared address space
  • Threads communicate by sending and receiving messages (correct)
  • Threads operate on a first-come-first-served basis
  • Threads can access any address in the system

    • What is the primary advantage of using the message passing model?

  • It allows for more efficient use of memory
  • It enables the connection of commodity systems to form a large parallel machine (correct)
  • It is a more straightforward way to implement parallelism
  • It is more scalable than other parallel models

    • How do threads communicate in the message passing model?

    <p>By sending and receiving messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a popular software library for implementing the message passing model?

    <p>MPI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the shared address space model and the message passing model?

    <p>The message passing model uses a shared address space, while the shared address space model uses message passing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of using the NUMA architecture?

    <p>It is expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the message passing model?

    <p>It allows for the connection of commodity systems to form a large parallel machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the NUMA architecture?

    <p>Any processor can access any address in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in implementing the message passing model?

    <p>Reasoning about locality for performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the data-parallel model?

    <p>Very rigid computation structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foreach construct equivalent to in the data-parallel model?

    <p>A map function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the shared address space model?

    <p>All threads can read and write to all shared variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Connection Machine (CM-1, CM-2) in the history of parallel computing?

    <p>It had thousands of processors, one instruction decode unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using the data-parallel model in MATLAB?

    <p>It allows for the same operation on each element of an array</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cray supercomputers in the history of parallel computing?

    <p>They had vector processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using SPMD programming in the data-parallel model?

    <p>It allows for implicit synchronization at the end of the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the data-parallel model and the message-passing model?

    <p>Message-passing model has highly structured communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of communication in the shared address space model?

    <p>Reading and writing to shared variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synchronization primitives in the shared address space model?

    <p>To ensure thread safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do threads communicate in the shared address space model?

    <p>Implicitly through memory operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a shared variable in the shared address space model?

    <p>A shared array</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the shared address space model a natural extension of sequential programming?

    <p>Because it assumes a shared address space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of locks in the shared address space model?

    <p>To ensure thread safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do threads access shared variables in the shared address space model?

    <p>By reading and writing directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the shared address space model?

    <p>Implicit communication through memory operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the shared address space model?

    <p>To provide a natural extension of sequential programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using the shared address space model?

    <p>Simplified communication between threads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parallel Programming Models

    • There are three models of communication: Shared Address Space, Message Passing, and Data-Parallel.

    Shared Address Space Model

    • Threads communicate by reading and writing to shared variables.
    • Shared variables are like a big bulletin board, where any thread can read or write to shared variables.
    • Synchronization primitives are also shared variables, such as locks.
    • Threads communicate implicitly through memory operations.
    • This model is a natural extension of sequential programming, but requires hardware support to implement efficiently.

    Message Passing Model

    • Threads operate within their own private address spaces.
    • Threads communicate by sending and receiving messages.
    • A message includes a recipient, a buffer to be transmitted, and an optional message identifier (or "tag").
    • Sending messages is the only way to exchange data between threads.
    • Message passing is a programming model for clusters, where commodity systems can be connected to form a large parallel machine.

    Data-Parallel Model

    • The model imposes a very rigid computation structure, where programs perform the same function on different data elements in a collection.
    • Historically, it was used for SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) supercomputers and vector processors.
    • Today, it often takes the form of SPMD (Single Program, Multiple Data) programming, where a function is applied to each element of a collection independently.
    • Synchronization is implicit at the end of the map (or loop).
    • Examples include Matlab and ISPC (Intermediate-Scale Parallel Computing).

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    Description

    Learn about the three models of communication in parallel programming: Shared Address Space, Message Passing, and Data-Parallel. This quiz covers the fundamentals of parallel computing.

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