Process pt 2
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Process pt 2

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Questions and Answers

What type of processors are used in Array Processor architecture?

  • Standalone interconnected computers appearing as a single system
  • Independent CPUs sharing a common memory
  • Identical processors performing the same instruction on different operands (correct)
  • CPUs communicating by passing messages like email

    • Which architecture allows CPUs to communicate by reading and writing messages into the shared main memory?

  • Shared memory multiprocessor with local memories (correct)
  • Array Processor
  • Multicomputer
  • Multiprocessors with bus conflicts

    • What is a characteristic of Multiprocessors?

  • Large number of identical processors performing the same instruction on different operands
  • CPUs communicating by passing messages like email
  • Standalone interconnected computers appearing as a single system
  • Independent CPUs sharing a common memory (correct)

    • In which architecture do CPUs communicate by passing messages to each other like email?

    <p>Multicomputer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for Multiprocessors architecture?

    <p>Specialized operating system to coordinate the bus usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Instruction Level Parallel Processing (Pipelining)?

    <p>It involves making a single CPU perform several instructions at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five main steps of instruction execution in Instruction Level Parallel Processing?

    <p>Fetch, Decode, Fetch operand, Execute, Store Results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between sequential execution and pipeline execution?

    <p>Sequential execution allows no instruction to start executing until the previous instruction is completed, while pipeline execution provides partial overlapping of the execution of two instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Superscalar architecture refer to?

    <p>The use of multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units to allow the processing of more than one instruction at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parallel processing involves using multiple CPUs to solve a single problem?

    <p>Processor Level Parallel processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Parallel Processing?

    <p>Making the CPU perform more than one task at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Processor Level Parallel processing?

    <p>Using multiple CPUs to solve a single problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Pipeline execution provide?

    <p>Partial overlapping of the execution of two instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sequential execution and pipeline execution?

    <p>Sequential execution ensures no instruction starts until the previous is completed, while pipeline execution allows partial overlapping of instruction execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of superscalar architecture?

    <p>It involves multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pipeline setup time?

    <p>The time needed for the pipeline to become full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CPU throughput?

    <p>The maximum number of instructions completed in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the constraints on instruction level parallel processing?

    <p>Data dependency and resource conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does data dependency occur?

    <p>When one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is latency time in relation to CPU?

    <p>The time needed by the CPU to finish executing a single instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processor uses a single 20-stage pipeline?

    <p>Pentium 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of pipeline execution in processors?

    <p>Enhanced CPU throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in achieving instruction level parallel processing?

    <p>Data dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pipeline setup time in a processor?

    <p>Enabling the pipeline to become full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an ideal pipeline processor, how many clock cycles does each stage take to complete its operation?

    <p>$1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of CPU performance that indicates the maximum number of instructions completed in one second?

    <p>$MIPS$ (Million Instructions Per Second)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a superscalar architecture in processors?

    <p>Utilizes a single pipeline with multiple execution units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constraint hinders instruction level parallel processing by causing competition for the same resource at the same time?

    <p>Resource conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is latency time in relation to CPU processing?

    <p>The time needed by the CPU to finish executing a single instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of Parallel Processing?

    <p>Making the CPU perform more than one task at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Instruction Level Parallel Processing (Pipelining)?

    <p>Making a single CPU performs several instructions at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main steps in Instruction Level Parallel Processing?

    <p>Fetch Instruction, Decode Instruction, Fetch operand, Execute, Store Results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Sequential execution and Pipeline execution?

    <p>Sequential execution does not allow instruction overlap, while Pipeline execution provides partial overlapping of instruction execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Superscalar architecture refer to?

    <p>The use of multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units to process more than one instruction at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parallel processing involves using multiple CPUs to solve a single problem?

    <p>Processor Level Parallel processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Array Processor architecture?

    <p>It uses a large number of identical processors to perform the same instruction on different operands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processors are used in Multicomputer architecture?

    <p>Standalone interconnected computers that appear to the end user as a single system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for Multiprocessors architecture?

    <p>Possibility of having bus conflicts and specialized operating system to coordinate bus usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Multiprocessors architecture CPUs communicate with?

    <p>$\text{Shared main memory}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architecture involves standalone interconnected computers that appear to the end user as a single system?

    <p>$\text{Multicomputer}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $\text{ILLIAC-IV has what type of processors?}$

    <p>$\text{64-bit processors}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $\text{How many processors can CM-2 machine have?}$

    <p>$\text{Up to 65536 processors}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between sequential execution and pipeline execution in processors.

    <p>Sequential execution ensures no instruction starts until the previous is completed, while pipeline execution allows partial overlapping of instruction execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is superscalar architecture and how does it differ from pipeline architecture?

    <p>Superscalar architecture involves multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units, whereas pipeline architecture comprises a sequence of data processing circuits called stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define pipeline setup time and its significance in processor performance.

    <p>Pipeline setup time is the time needed for the pipeline to become full. It affects the overall throughput and efficiency of the processor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of data dependency and its impact on instruction level parallel processing.

    <p>Data dependency occurs when one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction. It hinders instruction level parallel processing by creating dependencies between instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CPU throughput and how is it related to processor performance?

    <p>CPU throughput is the maximum number of instructions completed in one second. It indicates the efficiency and speed of the processor in executing instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of Instruction Level Parallel Processing (Pipelining) in CPU operation.

    <p>Instruction Level Parallel Processing (Pipelining) involves making a single CPU perform several instructions at the same time by dividing the program into instructions and executing them through five main steps: Fetch, Decode, Fetch operand, Execute, and Store Results. This allows for partial overlapping of the execution of two instructions, providing improved performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of parallel processing discussed in the text and how do they differ?

    <p>The two types of parallel processing discussed are Instruction Level Parallel Processing (Pipelining) and Processor Level Parallel Processing. The former involves making a single CPU perform several instructions at the same time by dividing the program into instructions and executing them through five main steps, while the latter involves using multiple CPUs to solve a single problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of pipeline execution in processors?

    <p>The primary benefit of pipeline execution in processors is the partial overlapping of the execution of two instructions, allowing for improved performance and efficiency in CPU operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the concept of Superscalar architecture in processors and its significance in parallel processing.

    <p>Superscalar architecture refers to the use of multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units, allowing the processing of more than one instruction at a time. This architecture is significant in parallel processing as it enhances the performance of CPUs by enabling them to execute multiple instructions concurrently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between sequential execution and pipeline execution in CPU operation?

    <p>In sequential execution, no instruction can start executing until the previous instruction is completed, while in pipeline execution, there is partial overlapping of the execution of two instructions, allowing for improved performance and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of Array Processor architecture and provide an example of an array processor.

    <p>The Array Processor architecture involves a large number of identical processors that perform the same instruction on different operands. An example of an array processor is the CM-2 machine, which can have up to 65536 processors, each dealing with one bit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the characteristics of Multiprocessors architecture and the method of communication between the CPUs.

    <p>Multiprocessors architecture consists of independent CPUs sharing a common memory, with each CPU having its own local memory. The CPUs communicate with each other by reading and writing messages into the shared main memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Multicomputer architecture and how do CPUs communicate within this architecture?

    <p>Multicomputer architecture involves standalone interconnected computers that appear to the end user as a single system. In this architecture, CPUs communicate by passing messages to each other, similar to email communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three architectures under the category of Parallel Processing - Processor Level, and provide a brief explanation of each architecture?

    <p>The three architectures under the category of Parallel Processing - Processor Level are Array Processor, Multiprocessors, and Multicomputer. Array Processor architecture involves a large number of identical processors performing the same instruction on different operands. Multiprocessors architecture consists of independent CPUs sharing a common memory, with each CPU having its own local memory. Multicomputer architecture involves standalone interconnected computers that appear to the end user as a single system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the examples of array processors and their respective processor specifications?

    <p>Examples of array processors include ILLIAC-IV, which has 64-bit processors, CM-2 machine that can have up to 65536 processors, each dealing with one bit, and MP-1216, which has a maximum of 16384 processors, each being 4-bit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Pipelining and Superscalar Architectures

    • Sequential execution ensures no instruction starts until the previous is completed
    • Pipeline execution allows partial overlapping of instruction execution
    • Superscalar architecture involves multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units
    • A pipeline processor comprises a sequence of data processing circuits called stages
    • In an ideal pipeline, each stage completes its operation in one clock cycle
    • Examples of processors using pipeline include Intel 80486 CPU with a single five-stage pipeline and Pentium 4 with a single 20-stage pipeline
    • Pipeline setup time is the time needed for the pipeline to become full
    • Latency time is the time needed by the CPU to finish executing a single instruction
    • CPU throughput is the maximum number of instructions completed in one second
    • Constraints on instruction level parallel processing include data dependency and resource conflict
    • Data dependency occurs when one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction
    • Resource conflict arises when there is competition for the same resource at the same time

    Understanding Pipelining and Superscalar Architectures

    • Sequential execution ensures no instruction starts until the previous is completed
    • Pipeline execution allows partial overlapping of instruction execution
    • Superscalar architecture involves multiple pipelines or a single pipeline with multiple execution units
    • A pipeline processor comprises a sequence of data processing circuits called stages
    • In an ideal pipeline, each stage completes its operation in one clock cycle
    • Examples of processors using pipeline include Intel 80486 CPU with a single five-stage pipeline and Pentium 4 with a single 20-stage pipeline
    • Pipeline setup time is the time needed for the pipeline to become full
    • Latency time is the time needed by the CPU to finish executing a single instruction
    • CPU throughput is the maximum number of instructions completed in one second
    • Constraints on instruction level parallel processing include data dependency and resource conflict
    • Data dependency occurs when one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction
    • Resource conflict arises when there is competition for the same resource at the same time

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of parallel processing in computer organization with this quiz. Learn about the different types of parallel processing and how they improve CPU performance.

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