Paralanguage and Proxemics

Therapeutic Communication = Interpersonal and purposeful interaction geared to achieve a specific goal Active Listening = An activity that includes attending to and becoming fully involved in what the client says Silence = Withholding verbal commentary to encourage the client to participate in verbal discussions Nonverbal Communication = Exchange of information without using spoken or written words

Kinesics = Includes nonverbal techniques such as facial expressions, posture, gestures, and body movements Paralanguage = Vocal sounds that are not actually words Proxemics = Physical distance between people as a form of nonverbal communication Touch = Use of physical contact to communicate

Encouraging Participation = Used to encourage the client to participate in verbal discussions Relieving Anxiety = Relieves a client's anxiety just by providing a personal presence Processing Information = Offers a brief period during which clients can process information or respond to questions Camouflaging Fears = Used by clients to camouflage fears or to express contentment

Body Language = 55% Tone of Voice = 38% Spoken Words = 7%

Task-oriented touch = The personal contact required when performing nursing procedures Affective touch = Used to demonstrate concern or affection Therapeutic touch = Beneficial when a client is lonely, uncomfortable, near death, anxious, insecure, frightened, disoriented, disfigured, semiconscious, comatose, visually impaired, or sensory-deprived Inappropriate touch = Touching in personal and intimate zones which can be misinterpreted as having sexual connotations

Intimate space = Within 6 inches Personal space = 6 inches to 4 feet Social space = 4 to 12 feet Public space = More than 12 feet

Clients with expressive aphasia = Clients who have had a stroke and have an inability to use verbal language skills Deaf clients = Unable to hear well enough to process spoken information Clients with Alzheimer Disease = Have a progressive, deteriorating brain disorder with compromised communication skills Verbally impaired clients = Clients who have artificial airways or their jaws wired following facial trauma and cannot speak

Writing = Deaf clients who can read and write American Sign Language (ASL) = Deaf clients who have learned to lip read and use ASL Webcam = Hospitals use this to facilitate video interpreting for deaf clients Extra care and patience = Clients with Alzheimer Disease with speaking, reading, and writing problems

Intrapersonal Conflict = A nurse wants to move up on the career ladder but is finding that time with their family is subsequently compromised Interpersonal Conflict = A new nurse is given a client assignment that is heavier than those of other nurses, and when the new nurse asks for help, it is denied Intergroup Conflict = There is confusion as to whether it is the responsibility of the nursing unit or dietary department to pass meal trays to clients

Latent Conflict = A new scheduling policy is implemented within an organization Perceived Conflict = An employee perceives that the employer is unfair with schedules Felt Conflict = An employee feels angry towards an employer when the employee is scheduled to work on off days Manifest Conflict = An employee and employer work together to fix the schedule

To compromise = Working to find a solution to satisfy others To be accommodating = Setting aside your own goals for the other person Compete = Standing up for the rights of others Collaborative = Meeting the needs of all involved

Problem Solving = Open communication among and between staff and clients Negotiation = Bargain to protect individual and collective needs Anger management = Acknowledgement of anger is first step Management = Health care managers organize care to meet client's needs over a period of time

Planning = Determine in advance what should be done, then setting up the goals, objectives, policies and procedure of the organization Organizing = Determines how the work will be dividing in order to get it done by the assigning of jobs and duties to different groups Directing = Influencing and motivating individuals to achieve the goals and objectives of the agency Controlling = Making a determination whether or not the existing plans are being carried out and how to correct any deviation if things are not proceeding as planned

Delegate the right task = Matching the task delegated based on the nurse practice act Delegate to the right person = Knowing the individuals work ability to ensure clients safety at all times Delegate under the right situation = Will the setting and the timing promote safety Delegate using the right communication = Providing clear, concise and accurate instructions

Verbal Communication = Communication that uses words, includes speaking, reading, and writing Nonverbal Communication = Communication that does not use words, but rather body language, facial expressions, and other physical cues Social Communication = Superficial communication, includes common courtesies and exchanges about general topics Therapeutic Verbal Communication = Using words and gestures to accomplish a particular objective, especially when exploring problems with the client or encouraging expression of feelings

Attention and concentration = The ability to focus on the conversation and ignore distractions Language compatibility = Both parties speaking the same language or understanding each other's language Verbal skills = The ability to articulate words clearly and understand spoken words Cultural similarities = Shared cultural background or understanding can enhance communication

Accountability = The obligation to answer for one's actions Leadership = Approach used to provide directions and motivate individuals to implement care standards Scope of Practice = The individual must receive training and have attained the level of competence necessary in order to be held accountable Autocratic/Authoritarian Leadership = Leader tells the employee what, when and how things are to be done, without any regards for their feelings

Autocratic/Authoritarian = Leader tells the employee what, when and how things are to be done, without any regards for their feelings Democratic/Participative = Can be developed out of experience, often involves group discussions and input Laissez-Faire/Delegative/Permissive = Leader provides minimum direction and allows group to make decisions Situational = Leadership style changes based on the situation or individuals involved

Informal Leadership = Given to a person by a group of people Formal Leadership = Comes with written directions Leadership Training Programs = Used to teach leadership skills Autocratic/Authoritarian Leadership = Style is used in situations where the leader has the most knowledge and there is little time for group discussions

Clear Expectations and Division between Leader and Employee = Autocratic/Authoritarian Developed out of Experience = Democratic/Participative Leader Provides Minimum Direction = Laissez-Faire/Delegative/Permissive Leadership Style Changes Based on Situation = Situational

Democratic/Participative = Offers guidance to the group members while allowing for their input and participation Laissez-Faire/Delegative/Permissive = Leaves the group to make the decisions; offers little or no guidance to the group Situational = An effective leader can switch between autocratic, democratic and delegative, instinctively based on the people and the work to be accomplished Transformational = Leads by inspiring others to share their vision

Democratic/Participative = Because a consensus is needed for every decision, productivity of a company can slow Laissez-Faire/Delegative/Permissive = A lack of motivation by its members blaming others for goals not met by leadership Situational = One style does not fit all Transformational = Takes an individual out of their comfort zone; natural to resist change

Critical Thinking = Skills that assist a person in taking the MOST appropriate action Conflict Resolution = Conflict occurs because of Poor Communication Opposing Thoughts, Idea, And Feels Business sense = To be able to be cost effective in delegation and team building Change agent = Embraces change as a part of one's life to continue growth

Assertive & Flexible Personality style = Transformational Communication is equal = Laissez-Faire/Delegative/Permissive Autocratic is best in an emergency = Situational Focus on staff as well as employer = Democratic/Participative

Difficulty expressing themselves verbally = Alzheimer disease Finding correct words = Alzheimer disease Organizing words into logical sentences = Alzheimer disease Understanding words = Alzheimer disease

Approaching the client from the front and using the client's name = Gain the client's attention Maintaining eye contact = Evaluate the client's attention and comprehension Speaking naturally at a normal rate and volume = Avoid agitating the client Using visual cues like gestures = Clarify verbal meanings

When the client doesn't understand what has been said = Rephrase information When you want to convey friendliness = Smile When the client is trying to put thoughts into words = Show patience When you want to evaluate the client's attention and comprehension = Maintain eye contact

Waiting for a response while the client processes the information = Alzheimer disease Assuming a relaxed posture = Alzheimer disease Avoiding long sentences and difficult words = Alzheimer disease Showing patience when the client tries to put thoughts into words = Alzheimer disease

Becoming mute = Alzheimer disease Difficulty finishing sentences = Alzheimer disease Difficulty understanding words = Alzheimer disease Difficulty finding correct words = Alzheimer disease

Smiling to convey friendliness = Alzheimer disease Maintaining eye contact to evaluate the client's attention and comprehension = Alzheimer disease Speaking naturally at a normal rate and volume = Alzheimer disease Using visual cues like gestures = Alzheimer disease