Paragliding History and Equipment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What should a pilot assess before creating a flight plan?

  • Passenger preferences
  • Weather conditions and local environment (correct)
  • The shape of the aircraft
  • The availability of fuel

    • What is the purpose of observing the terrain before a flight?

  • To entertain spectators
  • To calculate fuel needs
  • To improve flight speed
  • To identify safe and hazardous areas (correct)

    • What should a pilot do regarding the wind conditions before take-off?

  • Ignore them if it looks clear
  • Check the direction and intensity (correct)
  • Follow other pilots without assessing
  • Only focus on the landing area

    • What is meant by the 'point of no return' in a flight plan?

    <p>The point at which the pilot cannot land safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of waiting before take-off every time?

    <p>To reassess changing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to check before take-off?

    <p>Weather convenience for spectators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment-related check should a pilot perform before flying?

    <p>Ensure the parachute is correctly rigged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is concentration emphasized during paragliding?

    <p>It is crucial for successful take-off and landing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the first paraglider made by David Barish?

    <p>1965</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries were among the first to welcome paragliding?

    <p>Germany, Switzerland, and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is the wing of a paraglider typically made from?

    <p>40g/m2 Nylon fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the wing is responsible for establishing its shape and profile?

    <p>Ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small openings found on the leading edge of a paraglider wing called?

    <p>Cell openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did paragliding arrive in Portugal?

    <p>1987</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of porosity is the fabric wing of a paraglider generally designed to have?

    <p>Zero porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the groups of lines extending from the wing to the risers called?

    <p>A, B, C, and D risers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who nominates the members of the Competition and Arbitration Council?

    <p>The Board of Directors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is established by the REGULATION OF INSTRUCTION AND TITULATION?

    <p>The eligibility criteria for pilots and instructors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a student present to obtain a learning licence?

    <p>A medical certificate proving physical and mental fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the authority to alter technical regulations such as the Competition Regulations?

    <p>Both the General Assembly and the Board of Directors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the validity of the learning licence issued by FPVL?

    <p>Until the end of the calendar year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DHV classification is recommended for novice pilots?

    <p>DHV 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics are associated with DHV 3 classified paragliders?

    <p>Very demanding flight characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of pilot are DHV 2-3 paragliders recommended?

    <p>Experienced and regularly flying pilots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes DHV category D?

    <p>Paragliders with very demanding flight characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for pilots flying with DHV 2 rated paragliders?

    <p>Experience in handling collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DHV classification involves paragliders with moderate passive security?

    <p>DHV 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of paragliders under DHV classification A?

    <p>Very high passive security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CEN certification regulations apply to which aspect of paragliding?

    <p>Classification of paragliders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the polar curve represent in paragliding?

    <p>The glide ratio across different speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stall speed in the context of paragliding?

    <p>The lowest horizontal speed at which the paraglider can fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in wing loading affect the maximum and minimum speeds of a paraglider?

    <p>Both maximum and minimum speeds increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions is the optimum glide ratio likely not achieved at the same speed?

    <p>In the presence of wind or air currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the tangent point on the polar curve?

    <p>It identifies the best glide speed for maximum efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment to flying speed is necessary in descending air currents to achieve an optimum glide ratio?

    <p>Fly faster than normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For pilots of different weights, how does the optimum glide ratio compare?

    <p>It is the same but achieved at different speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the glide ratio change with different wind conditions?

    <p>It requires speed adjustments to remain optimal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Paragliding

    • David Barish created the first paraglider design in 1965
    • Paragliding spread to Europe in the 1960s, with Germany, Switzerland and France being early adopters
    • Portugal embraced the sport in 1987, and the European record was set there in 1994 (204 km)

    Paraglider Equipment

    • The paraglider consists of a fabric wing with cells, ribs, and a harness for the pilot
    • The wing is usually made of 40g/m² nylon fabric with a polyurethane or silicone coating.
    • The wing has key features like the top surface, bottom surface, leading edge, trailing edge, and stabilizer
    • The wing's internal structure includes ribs, cells, and cell openings.
    • Risers connect the wing to the harness and are often labelled A, B, C, and D.

    Flight Planning

    • Before each flight, pilots should plan a flight plan, including a methodical approach, weather analysis, and equipment checks
    • Essential pre-flight checks include: analyzing the terrain, checking wind direction, identifying landing field and obstacles, and anticipating wind and thermals
    • The "5-minute rule" is a safety technique that involves observing conditions for 5 minutes to assess any changes

    Take-Off

    • Prior to take-off, the pilot must check: wind direction and intensity, obstacles, other pilots in the air, take-off slope, and rotor areas.

    Polar Curve

    • The polar curve demonstrates the relationship between descent rate and flying speed
    • Key points on the Polar curve include:
      • Maximum speed (50-65 km/h)
      • Minimum speed (21-24 km/h)
      • Stall speed
      • Maximum glide speed (best L/D - Lift and Drag ratio)
    • The polar curve is obtained in calm air, without wind or vertical air currents
    • Wing loading influences vertical and horizontal speeds but does not change the best glide ratio
    • Optimal glide is achieved:
      • At a higher flying speed in headwind or descending air currents
      • At a lower speed in tailwind or ascending air currents

    Paraglider Certifications

    • DHV (German Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association) Certifications:
      • DHV 2-3: for experienced pilots with advanced handling skills
      • DHV 3: for expert pilots proficient in handling collapses
    • CEN (European Committee for Standardization) Classification:
      • EN A: for all pilots, including beginners
      • EN B: for novice pilots
      • EN C: for pilots with experience in handling collapses
      • EN D: for expert pilots with advanced handling skills

    Paragliding Organizations

    • CAC (Competition and Arbitration Council): manages competition and judges
    • FPVL (Portuguese Federation of Paragliding and Free Flight): regulates instruction, pilot certification, and licensing

    Flight Licensing

    • FPVL issues learning licenses through registered schools
    • Students must:
      • Provide a medical certificate
      • Obtain insurance covering personal accidents and civil liability
      • License is valid for one calendar year.

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    Related Documents

    Paragliding Manual - Espiral School PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the history of paragliding, the evolution of its equipment, and essential flight planning techniques. Explore the significant milestones from the emergence of paragliding in the 1960s to the specifications of paraglider wings and pre-flight checks.

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