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Questions and Answers
What is the common name for Papaver somniferum?
What is the common name for Papaver somniferum?
Crude Opium, Gum Opium, Post, Afim
Opium closely resembles Morphine.
Opium closely resembles Morphine.
True (A)
Which alkaloids are considered the main constituents of Papaver somniferum?
Which alkaloids are considered the main constituents of Papaver somniferum?
- Morphine (correct)
- Thebaine (correct)
- Papaverine (correct)
- Narceine (correct)
- Noscapine (correct)
- Codeine (correct)
What are the medicinal uses of Sangunaria canadensis?
What are the medicinal uses of Sangunaria canadensis?
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In Sangunaria canadensis, the main constituents mainly contain Isoquinoline alkaloids like Sanguinarine, Chelerthrine, Protopine, and Allocryptopine, along with other constituents like Starch and Resin.
In Sangunaria canadensis, the main constituents mainly contain Isoquinoline alkaloids like Sanguinarine, Chelerthrine, Protopine, and Allocryptopine, along with other constituents like Starch and Resin.
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Study Notes
Papaveraceae Family
- Economically important plants widely grown for their attractive flowers
- Comprises 44 genera and 770 species
- Mostly herbaceous plants
Habitat
- Widely distributed in temperate regions
- Most species found in Northern hemispheres
Stem
- Herbaceous, erect, cylindrical, and branched
Leaves
- Radical, large, alternate or sometimes opposite, simple, lobed or deeply divided or compound
Inflorescence
- Terminal flowers solitary in most species
- Cymose or racemose in others
Flower
- Hermaphrodite, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, hypogynous, di or trimerous
- Ebracteate, pedicellate, large, and showy
Calyx
- Sepals 2-3, free, caducous, inferior
Corolla
- Petals 4 or more, free in two whorls
Androceium
- Stamens numerous, occasionally 4 or 2, free, alternating, whorls
Gynaeceium
- Polycarpillary, syncarpous, uni locular, ovules usually numerous, placentation parietal
Fruit
- Capsule dehiscing by pores or valves
Papaver Somniferum
- Botanical origin: Papaver somniferum
- Common name: Crude Opium, Gum opium, post, Afim
- Part used: Dried milky latex obtained by incision from unripe capsules
- Habit: Annual herb
- Habitat: Found in Turkey, India, Pakistan, Iran, Thailand
- Collection: October to March, unripe capsules are incised longitudinally up to 1mm depth
Constituents
- More than 30 alkaloids, including:
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Thebaine
- Noscapine
- Narceine
- Papaverine
- Meconic acid (free and in combination with morphine)
- Sugars
- Salts
- Albumins
- Colouring matter
Medicinal Uses
- Opium and Morphine: Relieve pain, hypnotics, affect sensory nerve cells of the cerebrum
- Opium: Exerts action more slowly, preferable in diarrhea, also a diaphoretic
- Codeine: Milder sedative, relieves cough, habitual use may cause constipation
- Both Morphine and Codeine decrease metabolism
- Codeine was used to treat diabetes before the introduction of insulin
Sangunaria Canadensis
- Botanical origin: Sangunaria canadensis
- Common name: Blood root, Red root
- Part used: Dried rhizomes and roots
- Habit: Perennial herb
- Habitat: United States of America and Canada
Constituents
- Mainly contain Isoquinoline alkaloids, including:
- Sanguinarine
- Chelerythrine
- Protopine
- Allocryptopine
- Other constituents include Starch and Resin
Medicinal Uses
- Emetic, expectorant
- Extract used as toothpaste in gingivitis and periodontal diseases
- Toxic if taken in large doses (more than 125mg)
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Description
Learn about the Papaveraceae family of plants, also known as the poppy family, including their characteristics, economic importance, and habitat.
