PanPhlAn Strain Detection and Characterization

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Questions and Answers

What is the genome size range of Escherichia Coli?

  • 4.5-4.7M b (correct)
  • 6.0-6.5M b
  • 3.5-4.0M b
  • 5.0-5.5M b

How many genes does the genome of Escherichia Coli typically contain?

  • 4000-5000 genes (correct)
  • 1000-2000 genes
  • 5000-6000 genes
  • 2000-3000 genes

Where was the original E.coli strain K-12 obtained from?

  • A diphtheria patient in Palo Alto, California in 1922 (correct)
  • A tuberculosis patient in India in 1935
  • An influenza patient in Spain in 1945
  • A patient with cholera in Brazil in 1900

How many ribosomal RNA operons are present in the genome of Escherichia Coli?

<p>Seven operons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the genes of E.coli strain K-12 were experimentally identified?

<p>38% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the E.coli long-term evolution experiment, how often are samples saved for tracking evolutionary changes?

<p>Every 500 generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is PanPhlAn primarily used for?

<p>Detecting and characterizing individual strains in metagenomic samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the E. coli genome consists of genes shared by all members of the species?

<p>Core genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genes approximately are included in the core genome of E. coli strains?

<p>1000-3000 genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the set of genes present in some but not all genomes within the same bacterial species?

<p>Accessory genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pangenome of a bacterial species?

<p>The union of the core genome and the accessory genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a specific strain identified using PanPhlAn during an outbreak in Germany in 2011?

<p>Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a closed pangenome and an open pangenome?

<p>Closed pangenome size keeps increasing as new genomes are added, while open pangenome size tends to a maximum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the core genome in a species like E. coli?

<p>Core genome genes are responsible for basic cellular functionalities and survival in the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sequencing more organisms of the same species affect the core genome and pangenome?

<p>Sequencing more organisms decreases the size of the core genome and increases the pangenome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of elements in the pangenome of E. coli?

<p>Pangenome elements are specific to a single strain, like antibiotic resistance, and may not be well characterized functionally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred from Figure 2.1 regarding E. coli's gene distribution among different strains?

<p>51% of E. coli genes are strain-specific, while the rest are shared between 2 to 20 strains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do different pan-genome gene numbers exist in E. coli strains according to Chapter 2?

<p>Due to different gene thresholds that define what is considered enough similarity to be the same gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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