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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common physiological response to fear?
Which of the following is a common physiological response to fear?
In non-pathological anxiety, when does it typically occur?
In non-pathological anxiety, when does it typically occur?
What is the negative emotional and physiological response to real or perceived imminent threat called?
What is the negative emotional and physiological response to real or perceived imminent threat called?
What happens when fear and anxiety are absent?
What happens when fear and anxiety are absent?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the lecture learning outcomes for this week?
Which of the following is NOT one of the lecture learning outcomes for this week?
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What is the title of Mini-lecture 1?
What is the title of Mini-lecture 1?
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How old is Mabel?
How old is Mabel?
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Which factor is emphasized in the behaviorist theory of anxiety disorders?
Which factor is emphasized in the behaviorist theory of anxiety disorders?
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What is the role of beliefs in cognitive theories of anxiety?
What is the role of beliefs in cognitive theories of anxiety?
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Which factor is associated with a perceived lack of control?
Which factor is associated with a perceived lack of control?
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What is a characteristic feature of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?
What is a characteristic feature of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?
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Which of the following is a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
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Which type of therapy focuses on adjusting cognitive processes directly in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
Which type of therapy focuses on adjusting cognitive processes directly in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
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What are the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for panic disorder?
What are the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for panic disorder?
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Which of the following is a specific aetiology of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a specific aetiology of panic disorder?
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What is the most successful approach for treating panic disorder?
What is the most successful approach for treating panic disorder?
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Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for agoraphobia?
Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for agoraphobia?
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What is the relationship between agoraphobia and panic disorder according to the DSM-5?
What is the relationship between agoraphobia and panic disorder according to the DSM-5?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of anxiety disorders according to the ICD-11?
Which of the following is a characteristic of anxiety disorders according to the ICD-11?
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According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
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What is the estimated heritability of panic disorder?
What is the estimated heritability of panic disorder?
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Which part of the brain is most associated with anxiety?
Which part of the brain is most associated with anxiety?
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Which of the following is a specific criteria for diagnosing specific phobia according to DSM-5-TR?
Which of the following is a specific criteria for diagnosing specific phobia according to DSM-5-TR?
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What is the first-line psychotherapy for agoraphobia?
What is the first-line psychotherapy for agoraphobia?
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What is the fear-of-fear hypothesis?
What is the fear-of-fear hypothesis?
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What is the main quality of a phobia?
What is the main quality of a phobia?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the lecture learning outcomes for this week?
Which of the following is NOT one of the lecture learning outcomes for this week?
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What is the estimated heritability of panic disorder?
What is the estimated heritability of panic disorder?
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Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
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Which of the following is a common behavioral response to fear?
Which of the following is a common behavioral response to fear?
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In non-pathological anxiety, when does it typically occur?
In non-pathological anxiety, when does it typically occur?
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What is the cognitive component of anxiety?
What is the cognitive component of anxiety?
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What is the negative emotional and physiological response to real or perceived imminent threat called?
What is the negative emotional and physiological response to real or perceived imminent threat called?
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Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
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What is the first-line psychotherapy for panic disorder?
What is the first-line psychotherapy for panic disorder?
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What is the estimated heritability of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
What is the estimated heritability of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
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Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
Which anxiety disorder is more likely to be comorbid with major depression?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of anxiety disorders according to the ICD-11?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of anxiety disorders according to the ICD-11?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters has consistent evidence implicating its dysfunction in anxiety disorders?
Which of the following neurotransmitters has consistent evidence implicating its dysfunction in anxiety disorders?
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Which of the following personality dimensions is NOT associated with an increased risk for anxiety disorders?
Which of the following personality dimensions is NOT associated with an increased risk for anxiety disorders?
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What is the estimated heritability of specific phobias according to twin studies?
What is the estimated heritability of specific phobias according to twin studies?
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Which of the following is the most widely used pharmacological treatment for panic disorder?
Which of the following is the most widely used pharmacological treatment for panic disorder?
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What is the relapse rate once medication is discontinued for panic disorder?
What is the relapse rate once medication is discontinued for panic disorder?
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Which of the following situations is NOT included in the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia?
Which of the following situations is NOT included in the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia?
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How long does the fear, anxiety, or avoidance need to persist for a diagnosis of agoraphobia according to the DSM-5-TR?
How long does the fear, anxiety, or avoidance need to persist for a diagnosis of agoraphobia according to the DSM-5-TR?
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Which factor is associated with the tendency to experience novel/unfamiliar stimuli and situations as potentially threatening?
Which factor is associated with the tendency to experience novel/unfamiliar stimuli and situations as potentially threatening?
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What is the underlying cognitive mechanism that causes individuals to believe that they are vulnerable to threats?
What is the underlying cognitive mechanism that causes individuals to believe that they are vulnerable to threats?
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Which group of monkeys showed more anxiety when exposed to a stressor at age 3 in the study conducted by Insel et al. (1988)?
Which group of monkeys showed more anxiety when exposed to a stressor at age 3 in the study conducted by Insel et al. (1988)?
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What is a risk factor for anxiety that involves attending more to threat information in the environment?
What is a risk factor for anxiety that involves attending more to threat information in the environment?
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Which of the following is a specific aetiology of agoraphobia?
Which of the following is a specific aetiology of agoraphobia?
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What is the first-line psychotherapy for agoraphobia?
What is the first-line psychotherapy for agoraphobia?
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What are the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for specific phobia?
What are the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for specific phobia?
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What is the main quality of a phobia?
What is the main quality of a phobia?
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Study Notes
Anxiety Disorders: Overview, Phenomenology, and Risk Factors
- Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorder in Australia, affecting 14% of the population over a 12-month period.
- The anxiety disorders covered in this week's lectures include separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder.
- Anxiety disorders share common risk factors, including genetic predisposition, with heritability ranging from 20-50% depending on the specific disorder.
- Having a family member with social anxiety disorder increases the risk of developing other anxiety disorders as well.
- Genetic vulnerability to anxiety disorders is polygenic, meaning it involves multiple genes that contribute to distinct biological and psychological factors.
- The limbic system, particularly the amygdala, is associated with anxiety and fear responses.
- In individuals with anxiety disorders, the medial prefrontal cortex fails to regulate an overactive amygdala, leading to heightened fear responses.
- Neurotransmitter dysfunction, such as deficits in serotonin, higher levels of norepinephrine, and decreased GABA activity, has been implicated in anxiety disorders, although the evidence is inconsistent.
- Fear and anxiety are powerful motivators of behavior due to the asymmetry of possible outcomes, with fear serving as a survival mechanism.
- Non-pathological anxiety occurs in situations where there is anticipation of potential negative outcomes, such as exams, presentations, job interviews, and first dates.
- Pathological anxiety is characterized by excessive fear and anxiety, leading to significant distress and impairment in various areas of functioning.
- Panic attacks, which are a distinct syndrome related to anxiety and fear, can occur in multiple psychological disorders, not just anxiety disorders.
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Description
Test your knowledge on panic disorder and its specific etiology. This quiz covers topics such as conditioned associations, beliefs related to bodily sensations, and biological sensitivity to norepinephrine.
