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What is the main control over salivary secretion?
What is the main control over salivary secretion?
How does saliva help in the process of swallowing?
How does saliva help in the process of swallowing?
What is the composition of gastric secretion when released into the duodenum?
What is the composition of gastric secretion when released into the duodenum?
What influences the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?
What influences the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?
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What stimulates the release of secretin in the digestive system?
What stimulates the release of secretin in the digestive system?
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What is the role of secretin in the digestive system?
What is the role of secretin in the digestive system?
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How does secretin affect the release of gastric acid in the digestive system?
How does secretin affect the release of gastric acid in the digestive system?
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Where are S cells, which secrete secretin, located?
Where are S cells, which secrete secretin, located?
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What controls the secretion of pancreatic juice?
What controls the secretion of pancreatic juice?
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How are the digestive enzymes discharged from the pancreatic cells?
How are the digestive enzymes discharged from the pancreatic cells?
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What activates most of the digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice?
What activates most of the digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice?
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What important function do bile acids serve in gastrointestinal function?
What important function do bile acids serve in gastrointestinal function?
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What is the primary role of parietal cells in the stomach?
What is the primary role of parietal cells in the stomach?
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What is the function of gastrin in the stomach?
What is the function of gastrin in the stomach?
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What is the importance of intrinsic factor in the stomach?
What is the importance of intrinsic factor in the stomach?
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Which trigger is responsible for parietal cell secretion via binding to H2-receptors?
Which trigger is responsible for parietal cell secretion via binding to H2-receptors?
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What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?
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Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract are encountered by the meal or its residues in order?
Which parts of the gastrointestinal tract are encountered by the meal or its residues in order?
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Which organ secretes saliva when food is ingested?
Which organ secretes saliva when food is ingested?
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What is the role of saliva in digestion?
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
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What is the primary function of secretin in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of secretin in the digestive system?
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What influences the release of secretin in the digestive system?
What influences the release of secretin in the digestive system?
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What effect does secretin have on gastric acid secretion in the digestive system?
What effect does secretin have on gastric acid secretion in the digestive system?
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How does CCK influence the secretion of secretin in the digestive system?
How does CCK influence the secretion of secretin in the digestive system?
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Which hormone increases acid secretion but is then inhibited by the feedback of the acid?
Which hormone increases acid secretion but is then inhibited by the feedback of the acid?
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What is the most important action of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?
What is the most important action of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?
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Where is Cholecystokinin (CCK) found in addition to its secretion by I cells?
Where is Cholecystokinin (CCK) found in addition to its secretion by I cells?
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What role does Cholecystokinin (CCK) play in the brain?
What role does Cholecystokinin (CCK) play in the brain?
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What is the role of ghrelin in the gastrointestinal system?
What is the role of ghrelin in the gastrointestinal system?
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Which nervous system is sometimes referred to as the 'little brain' due to its role in regulating gastrointestinal function?
Which nervous system is sometimes referred to as the 'little brain' due to its role in regulating gastrointestinal function?
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What is the primary function of the myenteric plexus within the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary function of the myenteric plexus within the gastrointestinal tract?
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Which of the following hormones inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion?
Which of the following hormones inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion?
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What is the primary role of bile acids in the digestive system?
What is the primary role of bile acids in the digestive system?
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What triggers endocrine regulation of the gastrointestinal tract?
What triggers endocrine regulation of the gastrointestinal tract?
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What is responsible for the golden yellow color of bile?
What is responsible for the golden yellow color of bile?
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What is the function of enterohepatic circulation in the digestive system?
What is the function of enterohepatic circulation in the digestive system?
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What is the primary function of secretin in the regulation of digestive system?
What is the primary function of secretin in the regulation of digestive system?
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How does the release of secretin illustrate feedback control in the digestive system?
How does the release of secretin illustrate feedback control in the digestive system?
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What effect does the products of protein digestion and acid bathing have on the secretion of secretin?
What effect does the products of protein digestion and acid bathing have on the secretion of secretin?
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What is the role of Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) in the digestive system?
What is the role of Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) in the digestive system?
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What triggers substantial release of gastrin and activates stretch receptors, leading to vago-vagal and local reflexes during the gastric phase?
What triggers substantial release of gastrin and activates stretch receptors, leading to vago-vagal and local reflexes during the gastric phase?
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What is the primary method of activation for most of the digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice?
What is the primary method of activation for most of the digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice?
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What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the gastric parietal cells?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the gastric parietal cells?
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What is the main function of pancreatic juice in digestion?
What is the main function of pancreatic juice in digestion?
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What is the primary role of a trypsin inhibitor secreted by the pancreas?
What is the primary role of a trypsin inhibitor secreted by the pancreas?
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What is the role of bile acids in the digestion and absorption of fats?
What is the role of bile acids in the digestion and absorption of fats?
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What serves to neutralize gastric acidity once its function is complete?
What serves to neutralize gastric acidity once its function is complete?
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What is the primary method through which pancreatic juice is secreted?
What is the primary method through which pancreatic juice is secreted?
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Study Notes
Salivary Secretion
- The main control over salivary secretion is the parasympathetic nervous system.
- Saliva helps in the process of swallowing by lubricating food and making it easier to swallow.
Gastric Secretion
- The composition of gastric secretion when released into the duodenum is a mixture of mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid.
- The cephalic phase of gastric secretion is influenced by the vagus nerve, sight, smell, and taste of food.
Secretin
- Secretin is released in response to the presence of acid in the duodenum.
- The role of secretin in the digestive system is to stimulate the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice and bile to neutralize the acid.
- Secretin affects the release of gastric acid by inhibiting it.
- S cells, which secrete secretin, are located in the mucosa of the duodenum.
Pancreatic Juice
- The secretion of pancreatic juice is controlled by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK).
- Digestive enzymes are discharged from pancreatic cells through exocytosis.
- Most of the digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice are activated by trypsin.
Bile Acids
- Bile acids serve an important function in gastrointestinal function by emulsifying fats and facilitating their absorption.
Parietal Cells
- The primary role of parietal cells in the stomach is to secrete hydrochloric acid.
- Histamine is the trigger that is responsible for parietal cell secretion via binding to H2-receptors.
Gastrin
- The function of gastrin in the stomach is to stimulate the release of gastric acid.
- The importance of intrinsic factor in the stomach is that it helps in the absorption of vitamin B12.
Gastrointestinal Tract
- The primary function of the gastrointestinal tract is to digest and absorb nutrients.
- The parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are encountered by the meal or its residues in order are mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
- The salivary gland is the organ that secretes saliva when food is ingested.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- The primary function of CCK in the digestive system is to stimulate the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile.
- CCK is found in the brain, in addition to its secretion by I cells.
- CCK plays a role in the brain by regulating appetite and satiety.
Ghrelin
- The role of ghrelin in the gastrointestinal system is to stimulate appetite.
Enteric Nervous System
- The enteric nervous system is sometimes referred to as the 'little brain' due to its role in regulating gastrointestinal function.
- The primary function of the myenteric plexus within the gastrointestinal tract is to regulate gut motility.
Other Hormones
- Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion.
- Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) plays a role in the digestive system by stimulating the release of insulin.
- The primary function of enterohepatic circulation in the digestive system is to recycle bile acids.
Digestive Enzymes
- The primary method of activation for most of the digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice is trypsin.
- The primary function of the mitochondria in the gastric parietal cells is to generate energy for the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
- The primary function of pancreatic juice in digestion is to break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
- The primary role of a trypsin inhibitor secreted by the pancreas is to prevent the premature activation of digestive enzymes.
- Bile acids play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats.
- Bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice serves to neutralize gastric acidity once its function is complete.
- The primary method through which pancreatic juice is secreted is through exocytosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the secretion of pancreatic juice, including the control mechanisms, formation of digestive enzymes, and daily secretion volume. Explore the role of gastrointestinal hormones and the neutralization of gastric acid by pancreatic, bile, and intestinal secretions.
