Pancreatic Anomalies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

When does the thyroid gland usually reach its final position in the neck during development?

  • Week 5
  • Week 7 (correct)
  • Week 9
  • Week 3
  • What is the remnant of the thyroglossal duct located anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue called?

  • Cervical cyst
  • Foramen cecum (correct)
  • Lingual foramen
  • Tracheal opening
  • At what week of development does the thyroid diverticulum bifurcate at the tip of the lobes of the gland?

  • Week 9
  • Week 3
  • Week 7
  • Week 5 (correct)
  • What is the structure that connects the developing thyroid gland to the tongue called?

    <p>Thyroglossal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which week of development does the thyroid diverticulum evaginate ventrally into the mesoderm to form?

    <p>Week 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine gland is the first to develop, approximately 24 days after fertilization?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common congenital anomaly related to the pancreatic system?

    <p>Pancreatic divisum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an absent normal posterior pituitary bright spot within the sella turcica?

    <p>Ectopic posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in agenesis/hypogenesis of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Lack of formation of the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an ectopic bright signal at a site like the median eminence in an imaging study?

    <p>Ectopic posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of duplication of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Rare craniofacial developmental anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a tumor arising from a remnant of Rathke’s pouch?

    <p>Congenital tumor of the gland (craniopharyngioma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pancreas is mainly formed by the ventral pancreatic bud?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely consequence of the development of an annular pancreas?

    <p>Complete obstruction of the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age do insulin secretion from beta cells in pancreatic islets begin?

    <p>10 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do ectopic pancreatic cells commonly lead to inflammation and mucosal bleeds?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the neurohypophysial bud which forms the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Neuroectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the pancreas is responsible for glucagon secretion?

    <p>Alpha cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the adrenal cortex is present at birth?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes masculinization of external genitalia in females during fetal development?

    <p>Mutation in genes for 21-hydroxylase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome is characterized by early development of secondary sexual characters in males due to adrenal cortex hyperplasia?

    <p>Adrenogenital syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where might ectopic adrenal tissue or gland be found in some congenital anomalies?

    <p>Fused to the kidney deep in its capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency commonly leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

    <p>21-hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis enzyme mutations during fetal development?

    <p>Increased testosterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of Rathke's pouch in embryonic development?

    <p>Forms the adenohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

    <p>Superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the dorsal pancreatic bud give rise to structures in embryonic development?

    <p>Superior part of the head, body, and tail of pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the ventral pancreatic bud during development?

    <p>Forms the inferior part of the head of the pancreas and uncinate process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is located anterior to the pharynx, arising from the thyroid diverticulum?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure gives rise to parafollicular cells in embryonic development?

    <p>Ultimobranchial body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thyroid Gland Development

    • The thyroid gland usually reaches its final position in the neck by the 7th week of development.
    • The remnant of the thyroglossal duct located anterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue is called the foramen cecum.
    • The thyroid diverticulum bifurcates at the tip of the lobes of the gland around the 5th week of development.
    • The thyroglossal duct connects the developing thyroid gland to the tongue.

    Endocrine Gland Development

    • The thyroid gland is the first endocrine gland to develop, approximately 24 days after fertilization.

    Pancreatic System Development

    • The most common congenital anomaly related to the pancreatic system is an annular pancreas.
    • The dorsal pancreatic bud gives rise to the majority of the pancreas.
    • The ventral pancreatic bud mainly forms the uncinate process and inferior part of the head of the pancreas.

    Pituitary Gland Development

    • Agenesis or hypogenesis of the pituitary gland results in a lack of development of the pituitary gland.
    • An ectopic bright signal at a site like the median eminence in an imaging study is caused by an ectopic posterior pituitary gland.
    • Duplication of the pituitary gland can occur due to a persistent craniopharyngeal canal.
    • Craniopharyngioma is a condition that results from a tumor arising from a remnant of Rathke’s pouch.

    Pancreatic Cell Development

    • Insulin secretion from beta cells in pancreatic islets begins around 12 weeks of gestation.
    • Ectopic pancreatic cells commonly lead to inflammation and mucosal bleeds in Meckel's diverticulum.
    • Alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for glucagon secretion.

    Adrenal Gland Development

    • The zona glomerulosa is present at birth.
    • Masculinization of external genitalia in females during fetal development is caused by androgen exposure.
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a syndrome characterized by early development of secondary sexual characters in males due to adrenal cortex hyperplasia.
    • Ectopic adrenal tissue or gland can be found in some congenital anomalies, such as in the spleen or liver.
    • 21-hydroxylase deficiency commonly leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
    • Adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis enzyme mutations during fetal development can lead to abnormalities in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production.

    Other Developmental Anomalies

    • Rathke's pouch forms the anterior pituitary gland.
    • The 4th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, which forms the parafollicular cells.
    • The thyroid diverticulum gives rise to the thyroid gland, located anterior to the pharynx.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about rare pancreatic anomalies such as agenesis, annular pancreas, and ectopic pancreas. Learn about their causes, symptoms, and consequences.

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