Pancreas and Chemical Coordination
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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of tissues in the pancreas?

Exocrine tissue and endocrine tissue

What is the function of exocrine tissue in the pancreas?

To produce and secrete digestive juice

What are the patches of endocrine tissue in the pancreas called?

Islets of Langerhans

What hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?

<p>Insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin?

<p>Beta (g) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon?

<p>Alpha (a) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

<p>To reduce blood glucose level to the normal level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of glucagon?

<p>To increase blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

<p>They have a synergistic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pancreas Structure and Function

  • Composed of two types of tissues: exocrine and endocrine.
  • Exocrine tissue produces and secretes digestive juices.
  • Endocrine tissue is organized in patches known as Islets of Langerhans.

Islets of Langerhans

  • Secretes two primary hormones: insulin and glucagon.
  • Contains two types of cells:
    • Beta (β) cells: Larger in number; responsible for insulin secretion.
    • Alpha (α) cells: Fewer in number; responsible for glucagon secretion.

Hormonal Regulation and Blood Glucose

  • Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels rise, typically after meals.
  • Key effects of insulin:
    • Lowers blood glucose levels to normal.
    • Increases glucose uptake in body cells, particularly in skeletal muscles and fat cells.
    • Promotes glycogenesis: conversion of glucose to glycogen.
    • Enhances glucose utilization in cellular respiration.
    • Converts excess glucose into fats.
    • Inhibits gluconeogenesis: the synthesis of glucose.

Sympathetic Nervous System and Stress Response

  • Insulin and glucagon play crucial roles in the body's immediate stress response.
  • Both hormones exert synergistic effects, working together but through different mechanisms.
  • Epinephrine (adrenaline) acts as a potent stimulator in response to stress, complementing the actions of insulin and glucagon.

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Test your knowledge on the pancreas and its role in chemical coordination. Learn about the two types of tissues in the pancreas and the hormones they secrete.

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