Pananaliksik (Research)

• The text covers research, its characteristics, ethics, types, and components of a research paper.

Pananaliksik (Research)

• Defined as thorough investigation and analysis of ideas, concepts, objects, people, issues, etc., for clarification and validation

Layunin (Objectives)

• Masuri (Analyze): Involves inquiring, clarifying, and thoroughly studying
• Pagsisiyasat (Investigation): Searching for evidence to validate assumptions
• Pag-aaral (Study): Evaluating, assessing, and scrutinizing the results of the investigation

Mga Katangian (Characteristics)

• Obhetibo (Objective): Data is unbiased
• Kritikal (Critical): Careful evaluation in the use of data and assessment of ideas
• Dokumentado (Documented): Materials are used to acknowledge data obtained from other sources

Etiks (Ethics)

• Moral philosophy providing a system and limitations in research

Mga Etika sa Pananaliksik (Research Ethics)

• Katapatan (Honesty): Being honest in reporting data and research outcomes
• Integridad (Integrity): Conducting research as a form of service to others

Additional Ethical Considerations

• Mag-ingat (Caution): Maintaining the integrity of data records
• Openness: Being open to sharing data, welcoming feedback, and new ideas
• Kompidensiyalidad (Confidentiality): Protecting data sources
• Pagdidiskrima (Discrimination): Avoiding discriminatory research practices

Pagtukoy at Paglimita sa Paksa (Identifying and Limiting the Topic)

• Sarili (Self): Personal perspective as a source of the topic
• Radyo at Telebisyon (Radio and Television): Programs as sources for the topic
• Pahayagan (Newspapers): Considered part of "traymidya" (tri-media), works as an effective source

Pangangatwiran (Reasoning)

• It is a form of statement primarily aimed at proving a truth.

Lohikal na Pangangatwiran (Logical Reasoning)

• A type of reasoning that utilizes critical thinking.

Tesis na Pahayag (Thesis Statement)

• States the interpretation and importance of the topic.

Mga Uri ng Pananaliksik (Types of Research)

• Panimulang Pananaliksik (Basic Research): Aims to explain and develop theories or explanations for a phenomenon or event
• Pagtugon na Pananaliksik (Responsive Research): Aims to help people understand the nature of a problem to figure out how to control it.
• Pananaliksik na Pagtataya (Assessment Research): Studies the process and outcome of a solution
• Pagkilos na Pananaliksik (Action Research): Aims to resolve a specific problem in a program, organization, or community
• Makaagham o Siyentipiko (Scientific Research): Involves actively obtaining facts and creating ways to aid in the discovery of what is to be proven Literary o Pampanitikan (Literary Research): Simpler, commonly used in colleges, does not require using equipment to collect data.

Mga Bahagi ng Pananaliksik na Papel (Parts of a Research Paper)

• Pamagatang Pahina (Title Page): Contains the title of the research paper and the names of the researchers
• Panimula (Introduction): Describes the problem and topic. Clarifies the reasons for choosing the topic and its current state
• Layunin ng Pag-aaral (Objectives of the Study): Discusses the part of the paper regarding the reasons the researchers are studying the topic and the issues
• Balangkas Teoretikal (Theoretical Framework): States assumptions using personal perspectives related to the topic under study
• Balangkas Konseptwal (Conceptual Framework): The researcher's ideas based on the conducted study, forming paradigms.
• Metodolohiya (Methodology): States the steps and factors the researchers will take in their study.
• Disenyo (Design): Clarifies the use of the research design in the conducted study
• Instrumento (Instrument): Used in questionnaires to gather information or data to be used
• Direktang Sipi (Direct Quote): Exact words or statements from an author to emphasize the written research and idea.
• Buod na Tala (Summary Note): Only the most important ideas of a note are used; also called a synopsis
• Presi (Precis): When a summary of a note is used; using keywords
• Sipi ng Sipi (Quote of a Quote): Using a quote from a long quote and reusing it
• Hawig (Paraphrase): Properly presenting ideas using simple words to translate a quote
• Bibliyograpiya (Bibliography): Shows a list of books, journals, newspapers, documents, and other references