পাৰম্পৰিক যান্ত্রিকতা কুইজ

• Introduction to Physics: Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of nature governing the universe. It encompasses a wide range of phenomena, from the smallest particles to the largest structures in the cosmos. It uses mathematical tools to quantify and explain these phenomena.

Classical Mechanics

• Newton's Laws of Motion:
  • First Law: A body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a resultant force. (Inertia)
  • Second Law: The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it and takes place in the direction of the force. (F=ma)
  • Third Law: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• Work, Energy, and Power:
  • Work is done when a force causes a displacement. (W = Fd cos θ)
  • Energy is the capacity to do work. Different forms of energy include kinetic, potential, and thermal energy.
  • Power is the rate of doing work. (P = W/t)
• Circular Motion:
  • Uniform circular motion involves constant speed but changing velocity due to the changing direction.
  • Centripetal force is the force required to keep an object moving in a circular path. (Fc = mv²/r)

Fluids

• Density and Pressure:
  • Density is mass per unit volume. (ρ = m/V)
  • Pressure is force per unit area. (P = F/A)
  • Pressure in a fluid increases with depth.
• Pascal's and Archimedes' Principles:
  • Pascal's Principle: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid.
  • Archimedes' Principle: An object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Oscillations

• Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM):
  • SHM is a periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and directed towards it.
  • Examples include a simple pendulum and a spring-mass system.
  • SHM characteristics include period (T), frequency (f), amplitude, and phase.

Waves

• Types of Waves:
  • Transverse waves (e.g., light waves) and longitudinal waves (e.g., sound waves) are the two major types of mechanical waves.
• Wave Properties:
  • Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed are key properties of waves. The speed of a wave depends on the medium.
• Superposition and Interference:
  • When two or more waves overlap, the resulting displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.
  • Constructive and destructive interference can occur.

Heat

• Temperature and Heat:
  • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
  • Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects.
• Thermal Expansion:
  • Substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
• Specific Heat Capacity:
  • A measure of how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a substance.

Thermodynamics

• Zeroth, First, and Second Law:
  • The zeroth law defines temperature.
  • The first law relates heat, work, and energy. (ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy)
  • The second law describes the direction of spontaneous processes.

Optics

• Reflection and Refraction:
  • Reflection of light follows the law of reflection.
  • Refraction of light occurs when light passes from one medium to another, changing its speed and direction.
• Lenses:
  • Converging and diverging lenses have different focusing properties.
• Mirrors:
  • Plane, concave, and convex mirrors exhibit different reflection characteristics.
  • The formation of images by these mirrors follows specific ray diagrams.

Electricity and Magnetism

• Basic Electrical Quantities:
  • Electric charge, current, voltage, and resistance.
  • Ohm's Law: V = IR
• Capacitance and Inductance:
  • These properties relate to electric and magnetic energy storage.

এই কুইজটোৱে নিউটনৰ গতিবিদ্যা, কৰ্ম, শক্তি আৰু শক্তি সম্বন্ধীয় ধাৰণাসমূহক বুজাবলৈ সহায় কৰে। শ্ৰেণীভুক্ত কৰা এই পাঠবোৰে বিজ্ঞানৰ মৌলিক নিয়মক শোধন কৰিব। ইয়াক সঠিক উত্তৰ দিলে আপুনি পদাৰ্থবিদ্যাত আপোনাৰ জানা শক্তিক পৰীক্ষা কৰিব পাৰে।