Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of system was used to construct Stonehenge?
What type of system was used to construct Stonehenge?
- Cantilever
- Arch and dome
- Corbelled arch
- Post-and-lintel (correct)
During which period was the double ring of bluestones erected at Stonehenge?
During which period was the double ring of bluestones erected at Stonehenge?
- The third millennium BCE (correct)
- The second millennium BCE
- The mid-second millennium BCE
- The fourth millennium BCE
From which geographic area were the bluestones of Stonehenge transported?
From which geographic area were the bluestones of Stonehenge transported?
- The Preseli Hills of Wales (correct)
- The Wicklow Mountains of Ireland
- The Cotswold Hills of England
- The Scottish Highlands
How many trilithons were part of the ringed enclosure in the third stage of Stonehenge's construction?
How many trilithons were part of the ringed enclosure in the third stage of Stonehenge's construction?
What theory is supported by the alignment of Stonehenge with the sun during the solstices?
What theory is supported by the alignment of Stonehenge with the sun during the solstices?
What is the approximate height of the Woman of Willendorf figurine?
What is the approximate height of the Woman of Willendorf figurine?
What material was used to create the Woman of Willendorf?
What material was used to create the Woman of Willendorf?
What is a common interpretation of the textured pattern on the Woman of Willendorf's head?
What is a common interpretation of the textured pattern on the Woman of Willendorf's head?
What is the primary interpretation of the posture and tiny feet of the Woman of Willendorf figurine?
What is the primary interpretation of the posture and tiny feet of the Woman of Willendorf figurine?
What was the original color of the Woman of Willendorf?
What was the original color of the Woman of Willendorf?
What is a characteristic of Stonehenge?
What is a characteristic of Stonehenge?
During what period was Stonehenge built and rebuilt?
During what period was Stonehenge built and rebuilt?
What was a feature associated with communal gatherings at causewayed enclosures before the construction of Stonehenge?
What was a feature associated with communal gatherings at causewayed enclosures before the construction of Stonehenge?
Flashcards
Henge Enclosure
Henge Enclosure
A circular ditch enclosure, often used in ancient societies for ceremonial or ritual purposes, where a ring of large stones was built. The perimeter of the enclosure typically measured 320 feet across.
Post-and-Lintel System
Post-and-Lintel System
A type of ancient construction where two upright stones support a horizontal stone, creating a vertical structure. Often found in megalithic structures like Stonehenge.
Stone Transport
Stone Transport
The process of moving large, heavy stones, like those used in Stonehenge, over long distances. The transportation methods used are still debated by archaeologists.
Stonehenge Construction Stages
Stonehenge Construction Stages
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Stonehenge Trilithon Horseshoe
Stonehenge Trilithon Horseshoe
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Woman of Willendorf
Woman of Willendorf
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Stonehenge
Stonehenge
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Oolitic Limestone
Oolitic Limestone
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Ocher Pigment
Ocher Pigment
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Causewayed Enclosure
Causewayed Enclosure
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Stone Circles
Stone Circles
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Megalithic Building
Megalithic Building
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Neolithic
Neolithic
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Study Notes
Woman of Willendorf
- Date: 24,000-22,000 BCE
- Material: Oolitic limestone
- Height: 11.1 cm (4.4 inches)
- Location: Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
- Discovery: Found in 1908 near Willendorf, Austria
- Features: Focuses on female anatomy; substantial belly, deep navel, wide hips, clearly defined vulva, slender arms wrapping around full breasts, highly textured pattern possibly representing a textile (knitted cap or braided hair).
- Significance: Represents a figurine from the Upper Paleolithic period, suggesting artistic focus on the female form. Its posture and small feet suggest it was meant to be held, not standing.
Stonehenge
- Date: 2900-1500 BCE
- Location: Salisbury Plain, southern England, Wiltshire
- Type: Megalithic stone circle
- Materials: Huge pieces of gray sandstone
- Construction: Underwent repeated phases of construction and rebuilding over a millennium; initial circle, later addition of bluestones, and reorganization of bluestones between trilithons and a sandstone circle.
- Bluestones: Transported from Preseli Hills in Wales (at least 240 miles). Used to create a double ring within the enclosure.
- Sandstone monoliths: More massive than bluestones; formed a horseshoe shaped layout with trilithons (three stone structures).
- Megalithic building practices: Part of a broader trend of megalithic construction in Neolithic Europe, including causewayed enclosures and communal feasting areas.
- Possible function: Stonehenge's use likely involved astronomical observation (alignments with solstices) and communal gathering rituals.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Paleolithic art through the examination of the Woman of Willendorf and the iconic megalithic structure, Stonehenge. Discover their historical significance, construction, and artistic features that represent early human creativity and cultural beliefs.
