Palaeolithic Cave Art: Dots and Lines

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Questions and Answers

What is the predominant type of abstract symbols found in Palaeolithic cave art?

  • Dots and lines (correct)
  • Geometric shapes
  • Human figures
  • Animal tracks

Which of the following is true about the correlation between Taxon and the number of dots and lines in Palaeolithic art?

  • All animals show the same pattern.
  • There is no correlation. (correct)
  • There is a strong correlation.
  • Only horses show correlation.

Which taxon has the widest range of dots and lines according to the provided information?

  • Aurochs
  • Horses (correct)
  • Fish
  • Lions

What notable feature is observed in the cave art depicting horses in Chauvet Cave?

<p>The artist's fingerprints are visible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional markings are found beside the two small yellow horse heads in Chauvet Cave?

<p>Red palm prints and stroked signs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the horses typically drawn in Chauvet Cave?

<p>With swift and sure strokes, indicating talent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the macaroni marks on the panel suggest about their origin?

<p>They may be attributed to children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species shows the highest recorded number of dots and lines according to the examples given?

<p>Aurochs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant risk did the thieves face while attempting to chisel from the lower part of the carving?

<p>Complete destruction of the carving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the Mammoth 2 image from Pech Merle?

<p>It has long hair depicted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis did researchers propose regarding the sequences of dots and lines in cave art?

<p>They indicate animal migration and mating cycles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many marks were generally found in the series examined by researchers across the caves?

<p>No more than 13 marks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lamp was found in the sediments of the Shaft at Lascaux cave?

<p>A deer fat lamp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal species were predominantly part of the diet for early humans in Europe?

<p>Horses, deer, and bison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What central concern would have been significant to Upper Paleolithic behavior, according to researchers?

<p>Knowledge of animal migrations, mating, and birthing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the oil lamp found in Lascaux cave be viewed?

<p>National Prehistory Museum, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive feature does the bison in the lower right section display?

<p>A pair of crossed red lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artistic technique was used to enhance the bison's portrayal?

<p>Scratching through the patina on the rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is indicated to have red pigment on its antlers?

<p>Reindeer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the Löwenmensch figurine?

<p>It resembles a lion and a human (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of the depiction of the wooly rhinoceros found in Lascaux?

<p>It has six black dots of unknown significance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cave is known for the presence of a lion pair that may represent a mating pair?

<p>Chauvet Cave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material was the Löwenmensch figurine carved from?

<p>Mammoth ivory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many animal figures were identified in Chauvet Cave?

<p>420 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the rendering of the reindeer in the artwork?

<p>One has a clearly scraped area on its back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the engraving depicting a fish feature?

<p>Fins and tail characteristic of a tuna (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the seven parallel carved gouges on the Löwenmensch?

<p>They are considered magical symbols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ancient culture is associated with the Löwenmensch figurine?

<p>Upper Paleolithic culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the main scene in the well or shaft of Lascaux described?

<p>It shows a disembowelled bison and a man with a bird's head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature do the swimming stags from Lascaux share?

<p>They contain seven dots in a row (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is predominantly used to depict horses in various caves mentioned?

<p>Red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT described as being part of the imagery associated with horses?

<p>Curved shapes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cave is a large drawing of a horse known as 'the pregnant mare' found?

<p>Bedeilhac Cave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many dots are depicted on the jaw of the horse from the Alcove of the Lions in Chauvet Cave?

<p>Four (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is depicted with a distinctive beard and a stiff mane in the drawings?

<p>Horse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature does the aurochs in the Hall of Bulls depict?

<p>A curious sign above the snout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cave features a particularly well-sketch horse with a dark head?

<p>Chauvet Cave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the engraving from Abri Blanchard include?

<p>A bovid with small cupules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the red vertical bars on the large polychrome bison?

<p>They assist in identification of species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Lascaux Cave, how many short lines are noted on the body of the aurochs?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive feature is noted in the bison standing position description?

<p>Its hooves indicate it was painted from a live kill (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cave is noted for having the most diverse representations of bison?

<p>Lascaux (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic technique contributes to the ethereal quality of the horse in Chauvet Cave?

<p>Smudging of head and mane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is notable about the markings observed on individual horses in the cave art?

<p>They display unique markings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Palaeolithic Cave Art Symbols

Dots and lines are the most common abstract symbols found in Paleolithic cave art, on cave walls and items like bone or ivory.

Dot and Line Symbol Variation

The number of dots and lines varies across different animals depicted in the art, with no consistent link between the animal type and the markings.

Chauvet Cave Horse Example

Chauvet Cave contains examples of horses drawn with dots, lines, and other markings, showcasing stylistic elements of the artist's technique.

Artist Skill (Chauvet)

The Chauvet cave horse images show a skillful artist with a sure hand and good control of the medium and technique.

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Macaroni Marks

These are older markings found overlaid by more refined, artistic drawings on cave surfaces, sometimes attributed to children.

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Animal Taxons

Categories for animals found in the cave art, showing variation in dot/line counts, like horses, bison, and aurochs.

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No Correlation (Dots/Lines and Taxon)

There's no pattern between the type of animal and the number of dots or lines used to represent it in the cave paintings.

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Engraved Horse (Chauvet)

A horse was engraved on a clay panel of the cave wall adjacent to an owl, showing the artist's use of the panel's natural curve.

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Cave Sculpture Damage Risk

Chiseling from the lower part of a sculpture to remove it from a cave ceiling can lead to its complete destruction.

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Mammoth Art: Red Heart

A cave painting depicts a mammoth with a red heart painted on its left shoulder, suggesting symbolic or ritualistic meaning.

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Mammoth Art: Hair Detail

Cave paintings of mammoths often include detailed representations of their long hair, enhancing their realism and visual impact.

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Caves & Oil Lamps

Oil lamps, often made from deer fat, were used in caves for lighting during prehistoric times. They are found alongside cave paintings.

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Dot and Line Groups

Groups of dots and lines are often found in Paleolithic cave art, sometimes appearing near animals or on objects.

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Lunar Months in Cave Art

Sequences of dots and lines in cave art may represent lunar months, suggesting a connection to early calendar systems.

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Animal Migration Knowledge

Cave art symbols may indicate early knowledge of animal migrations, mating seasons, and birthing patterns, crucial for hunter-gatherers' survival.

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Spring as Calendar Start

The arrival of spring, with its clear seasonal changes and animal migrations, may have been a natural point of origin for early lunar calendars.

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Paleolithic bison portrait

A well-executed black portrait of a bison on a rock surface, enhanced with scratching to add depth and detail. It features red lines.

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Cueva de La Pasiega bison

A bison painted on rock, with four lines on its flank, indicative of Paleolithic cave art.

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Lascaux swimming stags

Engraved images of stags swimming in Lascaux cave, marked by seven dots.

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Pindal hind and red marks

Cave painting of a hind with red markings, found at Cueva del Pindal.

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Facing reindeer

A pair of facing reindeer engraved and painted in black and red, a remarkable Paleolithic artwork.

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Megaloceros, black stag

A depiction of a Megaloceros (large deer) known as the black stag, featuring twelve black dots.

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Lascaux wooly rhinoceros

A detailed depiction of a wooly rhinoceros found near a bison painting at Lascaux cave, marked by six black dots.

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Chauvet Cave red bear

A cave painting of a red bear, with three red lines at the shoulder.

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Chauvet Cave lions

Two cave lions, possibly a mating pair, found in the Chauvet Cave.

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Isturitz cave lion

A cave lion carved from reindeer antler, with magical symbols depicted by holes and arrows.

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Löwenmensch figurine

A prehistoric ivory sculpture of a lion-human, discovered in Hohlenstein-Stadel.

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Cave fish engraving.

Fish engraving with three red spots, possibly a tuna or salmon depiction.

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Abri du Poisson carving

A carving of a salmon with seven engraved lines above and five holes.

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Chauvet Cave Horses

Cave paintings of horses found in the Chauvet Cave, featuring red ochre dots and distinct markings.

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Niaux Cave Horse

Paleolithic cave painting of a horse, emphasizing its stiff mane and beard, showing only the front part.

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Altamira Red Horse

Cave painting of a horse painted in red ochre.

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Bedeilhac Pregnant Mare

A large black cave drawing of a horse, possibly a pregnant mare, with lines on the shoulder.

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Cueva de La Pasiega Horses

Cave paintings of horses, featuring dots and lines on the bodies.

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Lascaux Aurochs

Cave paintings of aurochs (wild oxen) with dots and lines at Lascaux cave.

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Lascaux Bull Detail

Specific detail of a bull painting at the Lascaux cave, illustrating symbolic patterns on top of its snout.

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Abri Blanchard Bovid

engraving of a bovid (like a cow or ox) at Abri Blanchard cave.

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Grotte de la Tête-du-Lion Aurochs

Bovid depicted in red ochre in the Grotte de la Tête-du-Lion cave.

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Lascaux Cave Aurochs (details)

Image of an aurochs at Lascaux, specifying painting of four short lines on its body.

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Cueva de La Pasiega Aurochs

Image of an aurochs, potentially a bison, in this Spanish cave, showing four dots as markings.

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Cartailhac Bison

Bison painting at a specific cave, described as having details of a shape (comb) and modelling.

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Large Black Bison

Detailed depiction of a large bison, marked with four red vertical bars on its side, with partial body and forequarters preserved.

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Polychrome Bison

Detailed depiction of a bison, with black outlines, brown and black head and neck, and various red linear symbols on its body.

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Standing Bison (Lying Down)

Bison painting, specifically, depicted from its lying position, not standing position as the title suggests , marked by detailed analysis of its stance.

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Study Notes

Palaeolithic Cave Art - Dots and Lines

  • Dots and lines are common abstract symbols in Palaeolithic art, found on cave walls and bone/ivory.
  • No clear correlation exists between animal species (taxon) and the number of dots or lines.
  • Horses display dot/line counts ranging from 1-6.
  • Aurochs (early cattle) show counts including 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 18 or more.
  • Bison show dot/line counts ranging from 1-5.
  • Other animals (e.g., lions, fish) have fewer examples, but displayed counts include 4, 5, and 7 for lions; and 3, 5, and 7 for fish.

Examples from Specific Caves

  • Chauvet Cave: Horses with various dot and line markings, some showing masterful artist control, as evidenced by fingerprints in the horse's mane. Other markings include palm prints, stroked signs and engraved horses.
  • Niaux Cave: Horse with three lines on its shoulder.
  • Altamira Cave: Horse with five lines and two dots on body.
  • Bedeilhac Cave: Horse (pregnant mare) with four lines on shoulder.
  • Cueva de La Pasiega: Horse with four dots, and another with three lines on hip.
  • Lascaux Cave: Aurochs with seven and four dots/lines. Other aurochs drawings include various marks interpreted as S-shapes and lines.
  • Abri Blanchard: Aurochs with small cupules and outline.
  • Grotte de la Tête-du-Lion: Aurochs with dotted signs, likely, rather than Bison.
  • Lascaux Cave: Aurochs with four short lines.
  • Cueva de La Pasiega: Aurochs with four dots.
  • Cartailhac & Breuil (1906) Plate VII: Bison with faint engraving on neck and dewlap, with a pectiform sign.
  • Cartailhac & Breuil (1906) Plate XXII: Shaggy standing bison, with groups of three lines.
  • Larger bison (various): Bison with red vertical bands, linear symbols and/or meandering lines (red/purple) on the body.
  • Cueva de La Pasiega: Bison with four lines on its flank.
  • Lascaux Cave (Red Deer): Red Deer with seven dots.
  • Cueva del Pindal: Red Deer with hind and red marks.
  • Lascaux Cave (Reindeer): Two reindeer with black outlines and red/black colors within. Notable details include scraping and bands.
  • Axial Gallery (Megaloceros): Megaloceros with twelve black dots.
  • Lascaux Cave (Wooly Rhinoceros): Wooly rhinoceros with six dots.
  • Chauvet Cave (Red Bear): Red Bear with three red lines.
  • Chauvet Cave (Lions): Detail from the Alcove of Lions, showing interacting lions.
  • Isturitz: Engraved cave lion carved in reindeer antler, with interpreted magical symbols.
  • Hohlenstein-Stadel: Löwenmensch figurine (Lion-man); an ivory carving of a human with a lion's head. Thought to be 35-41,000 years old.
  • Bahn et al. (1997): Fish with three red spots, possibly tuna-salmonid hybrid.
  • Abri du Poisson: Engraved fish (salmon) with seven lines and five holes.
  • Pech Merle: Mammoth with long hair, several lines on flanks.
  • Lascaux Cave (Mammoth): Mammoth with a heart-shaped red mark and five lines.
  • Lascaux Cave (Oil Lamp): Oil lamp with groups of four lines on the handle.

Implications of the Patterns (Summary)

  • Cave artists likely recorded information about animal migrations and mating cycles using dot/line sequences.
  • These sequences likely correspond to lunar cycles, possibly recording events corresponding to specific months of the year.

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