20 Questions
What was the main objective of Mountbatten's appointment as Viceroy of India?
To wind up British rule in India
What was the 3rd June Plan?
A plan to give India independence with a constitution framed by the Constituent Assembly
What was the outcome of the referendum in NWFP?
The referendum resulted in NWFP joining Pakistan
What was the significance of August 15, 1947?
It was the day India gained independence
What was the role of the Boundary Commission?
To determine the boundaries of India and Pakistan
What was the dispute regarding Gurdaspur and Zira Tehsil?
They were areas promised to Pakistan but given to India
Who was appointed as the first Governor General of Pakistan?
Jinnah
What was the purpose of the Indian Independence Act of 1947?
To give India independence with a constitution framed by the Constituent Assembly
What was the significance of August 11, 1947?
It was the day the 1st meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held
What was the consequence of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 on the Princely states?
They were given the option to join India, Pakistan, or remain independent
What was the Muslim League's primary method of confronting the political situation in 1946?
Direct Action
What was the outcome of the Direct Action Day protests on August 16, 1946?
The Hindu attacks led to huge life casualties
Why did Lord Wavell try to bridge the gap between the ML and Congress?
To coordinate the ML and Congress after the Calcutta massacre
What was the outcome of the Muslim League's refusal to join the Legislative Assembly?
The ML was offered a seat in the Interim Government
What was the significance of October 25, 1946?
The members of the Executive Council were finalized
Who formed the government in Punjab with the help of Hindu and Sikh members?
Khizr Hayat Tiwana
What was the role of Muslim women in the ML struggle in Punjab?
They played a very outstanding role
What was the outcome of the ML's protests against the Khizr Government in Punjab?
The Governor's rule was imposed on March 2, 1947
What was the significance of Maulana Bhashani's movement in Assam?
It was a movement against the ejection of Muslim peasants
What was the announcement made by Prime Minister Attlee on February 20, 1947?
All power would be given to the representatives by June 1948
Study Notes
Towards Independence, 1947 Civil Disobedience Movements:
- The Muslim League (ML) decided to confront the political situation through protesting means for the first time to counter the British government's injustice towards Muslims.
- Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946) was a protest against British policy, leading to Hindu attacks, massive casualties, and the Calcutta massacre.
The Situation in Punjab:
- ML bagged 79 out of 86 seats in Punjab, but Khizr Hayat Tiwana formed a government with Hindu and Sikh members, leading to ML protests to restore people's will.
- Muslim women played a significant role in the ML struggle.
- The Khizr Government resigned, and Governor's rule was imposed on March 2, 1947.
The Situation in Assam:
- Maulana Bhashani launched a movement against the ejection of Muslim peasants.
The British Government's Announcement:
- Prime Minister Attlee declared on February 20, 1947, that all power would be given to representatives by June 1948 if a constitution was not framed.
Mountbatten as Viceroy:
- Mountbatten was appointed new Viceroy of India on March 22, 1947, to wind up British rule.
- He arranged dialogues with Indian leaders and visited England for new plan deliberations.
3rd June Plan:
- The British would not impose a constitution; instead, the Constituent Assembly would frame a constitution.
- Areas that didn't accept the constitution would be given options to set up separate assemblies or join others.
Indian Independence Act, July 1947:
- The Act gave legal shape to the June 3 Plan, leading to two independent dominion states on August 15, 1947.
- Legislatives had the power to make laws, and the Government of India Act, 1935, served as an interim constitution.
The Partition Process:
- Punjab: Muslim members favored joining the new CA, while non-Muslims voted for partition and joining India.
- Bengal: Muslims favored joining the new CA, while non-Muslims favored partitioning and joining India.
- Sindh: The Assembly voted to join Pakistan.
- NWFP: The referendum decided in favor of Pakistan.
- Balochistan: The Shahi Jirga and non-official members of Quetta Municipal Committee opted for Pakistan.
Transfer of Power:
- The 1st meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on August 11, 1947, with oath-taking ceremonies on August 15.
- Radio announcements were made at midnight on August 14-15, 1947.
- Boundaries were determined on August 17, with many controversial decisions, but ML accepted them with protest.
This quiz covers the events leading to Pakistan's independence in 1947, including the Civil Disobedience Movements and the role of Muslim League.
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