Pain Management and Nerve Fibers Quiz
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of nerve fibers transmit acute, sharp pain at a rapid rate?

  • Efferent fibers
  • C fibers
  • A-Delta fibers (correct)
  • Nociceptors

According to the provided content, which of the following best describes the function of efferent nerve fibers?

  • They are responsible for the sensation of touch and temperature.
  • They send signals from the peripheral sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain.
  • They carry impulses from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to other parts of the body. (correct)
  • They transmit pain impulses to the brain.

Which theory proposes that pain results from excessive stimulation of sensory receptors?

  • Pattern theory
  • Specificity theory
  • Intensity theory (correct)
  • Gate control theory

According to the provided text, which of the following is NOT identified as a factor affecting an individual's response to pain?

<p>Environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the 'gate' in pain management, according to the gate control theory?

<p>To modulate pain signals by either allowing them to pass or inhibiting them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes referred pain?

<p>Pain originating from internal organs and felt at a different location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Nociceptors in pain perception?

<p>They are the naked nerve endings that detect thermal, chemical, and mechanical pain stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of afferent nerve fibers in the context of pain transmission?

<p>To transmit pain impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pattern theory of pain?

<p>It proposes that pain is transmitted via nonspecific receptors through a common pathway. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the reticular activating system in the pain pathway?

<p>To relay ascending pain impulses towards the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the gate control theory, which factors influence the opening or closing of the ‘gate’?

<p>The amount of activity in the pain fibers, the amount of activity in other peripheral fibers, and messages that descend from the brain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of pain transmission involves the conscious awareness of pain?

<p>Perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the modulation phase of pain impulse transmission, what is the direction of interaction?

<p>From the brain to the spinal nerves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Controlling voluntary muscle movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system's fight-or-flight response?

<p>Norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spinal cord regarding pain?

<p>To transmit painful stimuli to the brain and motor responses from the brain, and to contribute to pain perception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly influences the variation in a patient's surgical experience?

<p>The amount and timing of preoperative sedation, education, and the individual patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the circulating nurse during a surgical procedure?

<p>Monitoring the surgical team, managing the OR environment and ensuring patient safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the circulating nurse finds that patient consent was not obtained prior to surgery?

<p>The surgery may not commence and must be postponed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for labeling tissue specimens obtained during surgery?

<p>The person in the scrub role (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sponge count in surgery?

<p>To verify that no sponges are retained inside the patient's body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the head of the surgical team and performs the surgical procedure?

<p>The surgeon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under whose direct supervision does the Registered Nurse First Assistant practice?

<p>The surgeon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do sponge counts occur at the end of a procedure?

<p>Twice; when wound closure begins and again as the skin is being closed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of placing a patient in a lateral position with neck extension in the immediate post-anesthesia recovery phase?

<p>To prevent aspiration and maintain a patent airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)?

<p>Routine use of heavy machinery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient in the PACU has developed atelectasis, what does this mean?

<p>The patient has an inadequate lung expansion leading to alveolar collapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common respiratory complication observed in the PACU?

<p>Deep Vein Thrombosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of post-anesthesia care is the patient primarily prepared for self-care or care in an extended care setting?

<p>Phase 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary reason for applying a post-operative dressing?

<p>To provide an environment for wound healing and absorb drainage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is NOT typically performed by nursing staff to help maintain cardiovascular stability in a PACU patient?

<p>Performing post op dressing change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypotension, shock, and dysrhythmias are all examples of what type of complications?

<p>Cardiovascular complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient in the PACU has several contraptions attached, which one is most important for short-term airway management?

<p>Endotracheal Tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first nursing intervention immediately following a patient's transfer to the PACU?

<p>Maintaining a patent airway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for monitoring a patient's temperature hourly in the PACU?

<p>To detect early signs of malignant hyperthermia or hypothermia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse take if a patient in the PACU exhibits a temperature of 38.0°C (100.4°F)?

<p>Report the temperature to the healthcare provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-anesthesia shivering (PAS) is MOST likely to occur in which of the following situations?

<p>Within 30 to 45 minutes after arrival in the PACU, particularly in hypothermic patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a priority intervention related to maintaining adequate fluid volume in the PACU?

<p>Administering IV solutions as prescribed by the surgeon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment would provide the BEST indication of potential fluid imbalance outside of lab values?

<p>Evaluation of skin turgor and color. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to check dressings for constriction in the PACU?

<p>To avoid nerve damage and impaired circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping side rails up for a patient in the PACU?

<p>To ensure the patient's safety until they are fully awake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse prioritize regarding IV lines in the PACU?

<p>Inspect the skin surrounding maintenance lines for early signs of infiltration and ensure patency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, described in terms of such damage.

Pain Threshold

The level of pain that someone experiences.

Pain Tolerance

The amount of pain a person can tolerate before needing to take action.

Decreased Pain Tolerance

Factors that can lower pain tolerance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Increased Pain Tolerance

Factors that can increase pain tolerance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pain Perception

The conscious experience of discomfort.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pharmacological Pain Management

Pain management strategies that involve medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-pharmacological Pain Management

Pain management strategies that don't involve medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral Pain

A type of pain that originates from internal organs and is often felt in a different location.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pain Transmission

The process of transmitting pain signals from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Afferent Nerve Fibers

Nerve fibers that carry pain signals from the body to the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spinal Cord Network

The part of the nervous system that processes pain signals and sends motor commands back to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pain Modulation

The process where the brain modulates pain signals, either amplifying or reducing the experience of pain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System

The branch of the nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sympathetic Nervous System

The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response to stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nociceptors

Nerve endings that detect painful stimuli, such as heat, chemicals, or pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CNS

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intensity Theory of Pain

A theory that proposes that pain is a result of excessive stimulation of sensory receptors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pattern Theory of Pain

A theory suggesting that pain and non-painful sensations are transmitted by nonspecific receptors and interpreted based on patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specificity Theory of Pain

A theory that proposes a direct relationship between pain stimulus and the resulting pain sensation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brain's role in pain

The process by which the brain interprets and processes pain signals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circulating Nurse's Role

The circulating nurse oversees the entire operating room environment, ensuring safety and health for the patient.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circulating Nurse's Responsibilities

The circulating nurse monitors the surgical team, checks OR conditions, and assesses the patient for signs of injury.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consent Verification

A crucial safety measure, the circulating nurse confirms that surgical consent is obtained before surgery begins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Resource Management

The circulating nurse manages equipment, supplies, and materials to ensure a smooth surgical process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgeon's Role

The surgeon leads the surgical team and is a licensed medical professional with specialized surgical expertise.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgeon's Qualifications

The surgeon's training and qualifications must meet rigorous standards for a safe and effective surgical procedure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RN First Assistant

The Registered Nurse First Assistant works under the direct supervision of the surgeon, assisting with the surgical procedure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sponge Counts

A vital part of patient safety, sponge counts are conducted before, during, and after surgery to prevent accidental retention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phase 1 of PACU

The immediate recovery phase after surgery where the patient is closely monitored and given intensive nursing care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phase 2 of PACU

The phase where the patient is prepared for self-care, either at home or in a hospital setting, following surgery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phase 3 of PACU

The phase where the patient is prepared for discharge and receives final instructions before going home.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atelectasis

A condition where the alveoli in the lungs collapse due to inadequate lung expansion. It can happen after surgery or due to immobility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pneumonia

An infection in the lungs, often caused by bacteria or viruses. It can occur after surgery due to complications like atelectasis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypostatic Pulmonary Congestion

A condition where blood pools in the lungs due to immobility. It can happen after surgery and can lead to other respiratory complications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypotension

A drop in blood pressure after surgery. It can be caused by various factors like blood loss, anesthesia, or dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shock

A life-threatening condition where the body is not getting enough blood flow. It can be caused by many factors like severe blood loss or infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertension

An increase in blood pressure that can occur after surgery. It can be caused by various factors like pain, anxiety, or medication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dysrhythmias

Abnormal rhythms of the heart that can occur after surgery. They can be caused by various factors like anesthesia, medication, or underlying heart conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malignant Hyperthermia

A condition where the body temperature is higher than 37.7°C (100°F). This can be a serious complication after surgery, especially following general anesthesia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothermia

A condition where the body temperature is lower than 36.1°C (97°F). This can also occur after surgery and can be dangerous.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post Anesthesia Shivering (PAS)

Shivering that occurs after surgery, often related to regaining thermal balance after anesthesia. It's a sign of a temperature imbalance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intake and Output (I&O)

The amount of fluid entering and leaving the body, including IV fluids, urine, and drainage. It helps determine if the patient is properly hydrated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

The measurement of pressure in the right atrium of the heart. It reflects how well the heart is pumping and if fluid is accumulating in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A procedure used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart, detecting any abnormal heart rhythms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tidal Volume

The amount of air entering and leaving the lungs, indicating how well the patient is breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thermoregulation

The ability of the body to regulate its temperature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Pain Management

  • Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
  • Pain can be mild, moderate, or severe.
  • Adults and children perceive pain differently.
  • Infants (1 to 2 days old) are less sensitive to pain compared to children (3-12 months old).
  • Pain threshold is the level at which a person experiences pain.
  • Pain tolerance is the maximum intensity or duration of pain a person is willing to endure.
  • Pain tolerance varies greatly among individuals and can change over time.
  • Elderly individuals generally have lower pain tolerance.
  • Women, generally, appear to be more tolerant to pain than men.

Pain Tolerance

  • Pain tolerance declines with repeated exposure to pain, fatigue, anxiety, boredom, and apprehension.
  • Pain tolerance increases with factors like alcohol consumption, medications, hypnosis, warmth, or distracting activities.
  • The client, not a physician or nurse, is the best judge of pain level and distress.
  • Pain is not a direct result of aging.

Pain Management

  • Pain management can involve pharmacological, non-pharmacological, or surgical approaches.
  • Surgical options are considered a last resort.
  • Pharmacological methods include medications.
  • Non-pharmacological methods include relaxation techniques, distraction, and physical therapy.

Pain Perception

  • The conscious experience of discomfort is pain perception.
  • Children and adults differ substantially in the way they perceive pain.
  • Infants (1 to 2 days old) display less sensitivity to pain, and pain becomes evident in (3–12 months old)
  • Infants (1-2 days old) less sensitive to pain as compared to (3-12 months)

Myths about Pain

  • Myth 1: The nurse or physician is the best judge of a client's pain.
  • Fact 1: Only the client can determine the level and distress of the pain.
  • Myth 2: Pain is a part of aging.
  • Fact 2: Pain itself does not accompany aging unless an illness or disease is present.
  • Myth 3: If a person is asleep, they aren't experiencing pain.
  • Fact 3: Pain management should involve a team approach.
  • Myth 4: Pain is a result, not a cause of the ailment.
  • Fact 4: Pain is present in the presence of an illness or disease.
  • Myth 5: Real pain has an identifiable cause.
  • Fact 5: Pain may be caused by an obscure reason.
  • Myth 6: Young or very old people do not experience pain.
  • Fact 6: Pain is universal regardless of age and can occur in people at different stages of life.

Types of Pain

  • Nociceptive pain: most common type that is caused by potentially harmful stimuli.
  • Somatic pain: caused by injury to skin, muscles, bone; joint, and connective tissues.
  • Superficial somatic pain: sharp or burning discomfort.
  • Deep somatic pain: dull or aching diffuse discomfort.
  • Visceral pain: originates from injury, ongoing injury to internal organs and tissues.
  • Neuropathic pain: symptom/complication of diseases, conditions involving pain pathways in peripheral or central nervous system.
  • Psychogenic Pain: psychological problems and not from physical cause.

Pain Theories

  • Intensity Theory: Pain is a result of excessive sensory stimulation.
  • Pattern Theory: Painful and non-painful sensations are transmitted using nonspecific pathways.
  • Specificity Theory: Emphasizes four cutaneous sensations: touch, temperature, and pain.
  • Gate-Control Theory: Pain impulses from touch receptors to spinal cord influence pain perception.

Pain Control Theories

  • Intensity Theory: Pain results from excessive sensory stimulation.
  • Pattern Theory: Painful and non-painful sensations use a general pathway.
  • Specificity theory: Explains four distinct cutaneous sensations: touch, temperature, pain.
  • Gate Control Theory: Pain impulses from skin to spinal cord and interaction with pain processing.

Pain Management Techniques

  • Blocking brain perception: reducing the client's pain perception.
  • Interruption of pain-transmitting chemicals at the site of injury: reducing pain by affecting the transmission of pain signals.
  • Combining analgesics with adjuvant drugs: better pain relief by combining pain medication with other drugs.
  • Using gate-closing mechanisms: blocking pain signal transmission at the spinal cord level using different methods.
  • Altering pain transmission at the spinal cord level: enhancing the effectiveness of pain management by affecting different pain signals.

Drug Interventions

  • Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA): Allows patients to self-administer analgesics.
  • Opioid analgesics: Highly effective pain relief medications acting on opioid receptors in the nervous system.
  • Non-opioid analgesics (NSAIDs): Effective for both acute and chronic pain because they have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Adjuvant analgesics: Enhance the effectiveness of other pain medicines by targeting multiple pain pathways or modulating the immune response.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Pain and Surgery Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the types of nerve fibers involved in pain transmission and management theories like the gate control and pattern theories. This quiz will cover various aspects of pain perception, including the roles of afferent and efferent fibers, nociceptors, and the reticular activating system. Dive into the intricate mechanisms of how our body processes pain.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser