Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary advantage of intraspinal drug therapy compared to systemic opiates?
What is a primary advantage of intraspinal drug therapy compared to systemic opiates?
- It has a longer duration of effect.
- It is administered intravenously.
- It has a lesser sedative effect. (correct)
- It has a faster onset of action.
Where do opiates act when delivered through intraspinal analgesics?
Where do opiates act when delivered through intraspinal analgesics?
- In the cerebrospinal fluid
- On the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (correct)
- In the epidural space
- In the systemic circulation
What may be a side effect of intraspinal analgesics?
What may be a side effect of intraspinal analgesics?
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
- Spinal headaches (correct)
- Reduced nausea
Which route of analgesic delivery has the slowest absorption rate?
Which route of analgesic delivery has the slowest absorption rate?
What effect can naloxone have in the context of pain management?
What effect can naloxone have in the context of pain management?
What is the minimum time frame a medication should be reduced prior to surgery?
What is the minimum time frame a medication should be reduced prior to surgery?
What is a potential effect of NSAIDs during surgery?
What is a potential effect of NSAIDs during surgery?
What electrolyte imbalance may diuretics potentiate after surgery?
What electrolyte imbalance may diuretics potentiate after surgery?
What is a misconception regarding allergies to shellfish?
What is a misconception regarding allergies to shellfish?
How do anticonvulsants like Phenytoin affect anesthetic agents?
How do anticonvulsants like Phenytoin affect anesthetic agents?
What does a score of 0 on the pain scale indicate?
What does a score of 0 on the pain scale indicate?
Which pain rating scale is considered the best for young patients?
Which pain rating scale is considered the best for young patients?
What is a limitation of using the Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS)?
What is a limitation of using the Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS)?
Which pain assessment tool uses a 10cm line with word anchors?
Which pain assessment tool uses a 10cm line with word anchors?
Which of the following describes an aspect of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale?
Which of the following describes an aspect of the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale?
How does the Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) measure pain?
How does the Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) measure pain?
What type of information can the patient provide using the Quality of Pain aspect?
What type of information can the patient provide using the Quality of Pain aspect?
When evaluating pain, what factors might be considered regarding aggravating and relieving pain?
When evaluating pain, what factors might be considered regarding aggravating and relieving pain?
What is the primary goal of the body's subsystems according to the Stimulus Based Model?
What is the primary goal of the body's subsystems according to the Stimulus Based Model?
Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the key components for understanding steady state?
Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the key components for understanding steady state?
What do life events or stressors result in, according to the Stimulus Based Model?
What do life events or stressors result in, according to the Stimulus Based Model?
How does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) relate to the concepts discussed?
How does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) relate to the concepts discussed?
What is the first phase of adaptation to a noxious stressor?
What is the first phase of adaptation to a noxious stressor?
Which of the following best defines Homeostasis?
Which of the following best defines Homeostasis?
What happens during the Resistance Phase of adaptation according to the Stimulus Based Model?
What happens during the Resistance Phase of adaptation according to the Stimulus Based Model?
Which statement regarding stress and adaptation is most accurate?
Which statement regarding stress and adaptation is most accurate?
What complication may arise from prolonged surgery in older adults?
What complication may arise from prolonged surgery in older adults?
Why must eyeglasses be removed before administering a general anesthetic?
Why must eyeglasses be removed before administering a general anesthetic?
Which method should be used if peripheral pulses are not palpable?
Which method should be used if peripheral pulses are not palpable?
What should be evaluated regarding the patient's physique before anesthesia administration?
What should be evaluated regarding the patient's physique before anesthesia administration?
What is an essential consideration for patients with hearing impairment prior to surgery?
What is an essential consideration for patients with hearing impairment prior to surgery?
What should be assessed regarding a patient's past anesthetic experiences?
What should be assessed regarding a patient's past anesthetic experiences?
Which dental consideration should be explained to the patient prior to anesthetic administration?
Which dental consideration should be explained to the patient prior to anesthetic administration?
What is a common challenge faced during intubation for patients with a short stout neck?
What is a common challenge faced during intubation for patients with a short stout neck?
Study Notes
Pain Assessment Tools
- Pain scoring ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).
- Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) developed for children; utilizes 6 facial expressions to represent pain intensity.
- Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale also includes 6 facial expressions linked to numerical values (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
- Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) allows patients to describe pain quality using terms like "sharp," "shooting," or "burning."
- Visual Analog Scale (VAS) consists of a 10cm line anchored by descriptive words representing the extremities of pain intensity.
Pain and Stress Models
- The Stimulus Based Model suggests that life events or stressors can overwhelm individual adaptation capacities, leading to health issues.
- Key concepts in this model include constancy, homeostasis, stress, and adaptation.
- The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was developed to quantify stress induced by life changes.
Medication Administration Routes
- Topical and Transdermal routes allow drug absorption through the skin with fewer sedative effects compared to systemic opioids.
- Parenteral routes (IM, IV, SQ) enable rapid onset of relief; intrathecal space surrounds the spinal cord with cerebrospinal fluid.
- Transmucosal routes include lozenges or nasal sprays, which absorb minimally into systemic circulation.
- Intraspinal analgesics target opiate receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord for persistent severe pain relief.
Non-Pharmacologic Interventions
- The placebo effect can activate endogenous endorphins; this physiological response can be counteracted by naloxone.
- Comprehensive preoperative assessments include evaluating the patient's medication history, allergies, and the potential risks associated with anesthesia.
Preoperative Considerations
- Assess the impact of diuretics and NSAIDs on electrolyte balance and bleeding risk during and after surgery.
- Pay attention to the risks posed by the patient's specific conditions (e.g., language barriers, hearing impairments) when planning anesthesia.
- Address potential complications for older adults, such as shear injuries from positioning, and ensure the use of eyeglasses or contact lenses is managed appropriately pre-anesthesia.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores methods for patients to evaluate their pain levels. It focuses on utilizing face scales for subjective pain rating, highlighting its effectiveness for those who can cognitively assess their pain. Understand the significance of both a zero and ten score in terms of pain perception.
