11 Questions
Where do some scholars believe the Pahari School originated from?
Basohli
Which ruler's cruelty led to the migration of Mughal artists to the hills, giving rise to the Pahari School?
Aurangzeb
The 'Gular Kalam' reached its peak in which year?
1780 A.D.
Which king of Gular had friendly relations with Mughal emperors, possibly influencing the development of the Pahari School?
Raja Goverdhan Chand
When the Pahari School received patronage from religious-minded kings, it came to be known as:
'Pahari Kalam'
Which town is associated with the oldest Kangra paintings?
Gular
What is a characteristic of the colours used in the Ahmednagar school of painting?
Rich and brilliant
In the paintings of Ahmadnagar, what is a distinctive feature of the women's attire?
Modified northern outfit with a choli and long braided pigtails
Which influence can be observed in the scenery depicted in the Ahmednagar school of painting?
Persian influences
What is a common trend seen in both the Lepakshi frescoes and the Deccan Schools of Painting?
Long scarf wrapping around the torso
What hairstyle is commonly depicted on women in the Deccan Schools of Painting?
Long braided pigtails
Study Notes
Origin of Pahari School of Art
- Gular is considered the place of origin of Pahari School according to some scholars.
- Basohli is also considered the origin place of Pahari School by some scholars.
- In 1780 A.D., the ‘Gular Kalam’ was at its peak before transforming into ‘Kangra Kalam’ in Kangra.
Background and Influences
- Aurangzeb's cruelty led to Mughal artists seeking shelter in the hills, where they developed a new style of painting known as Pahari School of Art.
- The kings of Gular had friendly relations with Mughal emperors, which may have led to the exchange of artistic ideas.
Characteristics of Pahari School
- Initially, Pahari School flourished as a folk art, but later gained patronage from religious-minded kings, becoming known as ‘Pahari Kalam’.
- The oldest Kangra paintings are connected with Gular, depicting Raja Goverdhan Chand and his family.
Ahmednagar School of Painting
- Sponsored by Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmednagar, the school is known for its rich and brilliant colours.
- The illustrated text ‘Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi’ is a significant example of the school's work.
- Persian influences can be seen in the scenery, bright sky, and towering horizon in these paintings.
Characteristics of Women's Depiction
- Women in Ahmednagar paintings wear a modified northern outfit with a choli (bodice) and long braided pigtails that terminate in a tassel.
- A southern trend can be seen in the Lepakshi frescoes, characterized by a long scarf that wraps around the torso below the hips.
- The women's hair is often coiled up in a bun at the back of the neck, similar to the Lepakshi murals.
Explore the origin and development of the Pahari School of Art, including the influence of Gular and Kangra Kalam. Learn about how Mughal artists sought refuge in the hills and invented a new painting style.
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