Page 37: Drowsiness and Fatigue Basics Causes (insomnia)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is most likely to cause drowsiness or fatigue?

  • Antidepressants
  • Antineoplastics (correct)
  • Amphetamines
  • Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

A patient presenting with frequent awakenings and impaired daytime functioning is likely experiencing symptoms of:

  • Withdrawal insomnia
  • Sleep disturbances secondary to psychiatric disorders
  • Insomnia due to stress
  • Chronic insomnia (correct)

Which age group is generally excluded for self-care in insomnia treatment?

  • Less than 18 years of age
  • Greater than 65 years of age (correct)
  • Between 45-60 years of age
  • Greater than 70 years of age

What is a common symptom of insomnia as described in the provided text?

<p>Excessive daytime sleepiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs should be avoided as a treatment option for insomnia lasting more than 3 weeks?

<p>Benzodiazepines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common goal of insomnia treatment mentioned in the text?

<p>Improve sleep duration and quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of drowsiness and fatigue?

<p>Regular exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of inadequate sleep according to the text?

<p>Increased risk of workplace accidents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common presentation of drowsiness and fatigue?

<p>Frequent yawning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caffeine according to the text?

<p>Enhances mental alertness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications can impact sleep and wakefulness according to the text?

<p>CNS depressants, benzodiazepines, antihistamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary treatment goal for drowsiness?

<p>Identify and eliminate underlying causes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of caffeine in increasing 3'5' cyclic AMP levels?

<p>Competitive inhibition of adenosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does caffeine prevent apnea according to the text?

<p>By inhibiting phosphodiesterase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine?

<p>Elevated heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does caffeine affect blood pressure and heart rate based on the text?

<p>Increases blood pressure and heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may occur upon abrupt discontinuation of caffeine intake?

<p>Throbbing headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How may cigarette smoking impact serum caffeine levels according to the text?

<p>Increase clearance by over 50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nightly sleep duration for adults aged 26-64, according to the National Sleep Foundation?

<p>7-9 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves on the EEG?

<p>Stage 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of poor sleep latency (falling asleep difficulty) according to the text?

<p>Experiencing acute life stresses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical condition is NOT associated with insomnia based on the information provided?

<p>Diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can untreated chronic insomnia potentially lead to?

<p>Depression and anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep shows high-frequency waves on the EEG?

<p>REM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daily caffeine intake for children?

<p>$2.5mg/kg/day$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of excessive caffeine intake in older adults?

<p>Exaggerated pharmacologic effect and sleep interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the caffeine content of Excedrin Migraine Geltabs/Tablets/Caplets?

<p>65mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum daily caffeine intake for pregnant women?

<p>200mg/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caffeine content of NoDoz Maximum Strength and Vivarin?

<p>200mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason why T.J. should not take NoDoz Maximum Strength in the afternoon?

<p>The additional caffeine may cause excessive sleepiness and disrupt his sleep pattern. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the side effects of dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision caused by anticholinergics?

<p>Anticholinergic Side Effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cholinergic crisis?

<p>Defecation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is contraindicated for the use of medications causing anticholinergic side effects?

<p>Angle-closure glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mnemonic is commonly used to remember the symptoms of cholinergic crisis?

<p>'Cant spit, Cant see, Cant pee, Cant shit' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is affected by anticholinergic medications causing dry mouth and blurred vision?

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with anticholinergics that helps in distinguishing them from other drug classes?

<p>Dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may occur in a patient who abruptly discontinues caffeine intake?

<p>Throbbing headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with caffeine use based on the text?

<p>Memory loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What noted side effect may be seen in patients with increased risk based on the text?

<p>Kidney stone formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may suggest caffeine withdrawal upon abrupt discontinuation?

<p>Depressed mood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine according to the text?

<p>Anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with caffeine use based on the text?

<p>Drowsiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the elimination half-life of caffeine based on the provided text?

<p>6-8 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition serves as a contraindication for caffeine use according to the text?

<p>Peptic ulcer disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with excessive intake of caffeine based on the text?

<p>Excessive sweating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supplement ingredient is most likely to be found along with caffeine in dietary supplements?

<p>Guarana (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak concentration time range of caffeine according to the text?

<p>30-45 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients should be cautious when using dietary supplements containing caffeine?

<p>Pregnant women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine?

<p>Urinary retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis, which can occur with excessive cholinergic activity?

<p>Muscle fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitching) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an anticholinergic side effect that can occur with diphenhydramine use?

<p>Blurred vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential symptom of cholinergic crisis?

<p>Miosis (constricted pupils) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anticholinergic side effects is associated with diphenhydramine use?

<p>Dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis?

<p>Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine in older adults?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may indicate a cholinergic crisis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is most likely to cause anticholinergic side effects?

<p>Diphenhydramine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of the anticholinergic effects of diphenhydramine in older adults?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is least likely to cause anticholinergic side effects in older adults?

<p>Cetirizine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential treatment for cholinergic crisis?

<p>Both b and c (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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