60 Questions
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause drowsiness or fatigue?
Antineoplastics
A patient presenting with frequent awakenings and impaired daytime functioning is likely experiencing symptoms of:
Chronic insomnia
Which age group is generally excluded for self-care in insomnia treatment?
Greater than 65 years of age
What is a common symptom of insomnia as described in the provided text?
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Which class of drugs should be avoided as a treatment option for insomnia lasting more than 3 weeks?
Benzodiazepines
What is one common goal of insomnia treatment mentioned in the text?
Improve sleep duration and quality
Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of drowsiness and fatigue?
Regular exercise
What is one of the effects of inadequate sleep according to the text?
Increased risk of workplace accidents
Which of the following is a common presentation of drowsiness and fatigue?
Frequent yawning
What is the role of caffeine according to the text?
Enhances mental alertness
Which group of medications can impact sleep and wakefulness according to the text?
CNS depressants, benzodiazepines, antihistamines
What should be the primary treatment goal for drowsiness?
Identify and eliminate underlying causes
What is the mechanism of action of caffeine in increasing 3'5' cyclic AMP levels?
Competitive inhibition of adenosine
How does caffeine prevent apnea according to the text?
By inhibiting phosphodiesterase
What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine?
Elevated heart rate
How does caffeine affect blood pressure and heart rate based on the text?
Increases blood pressure and heart rate
Which symptom may occur upon abrupt discontinuation of caffeine intake?
Throbbing headache
How may cigarette smoking impact serum caffeine levels according to the text?
Increase clearance by over 50%
What is the recommended nightly sleep duration for adults aged 26-64, according to the National Sleep Foundation?
7-9 hours
Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves on the EEG?
Stage 3
What is a common cause of poor sleep latency (falling asleep difficulty) according to the text?
Experiencing acute life stresses
Which medical condition is NOT associated with insomnia based on the information provided?
Diabetes
What can untreated chronic insomnia potentially lead to?
Depression and anxiety
Which stage of sleep shows high-frequency waves on the EEG?
REM
What is the maximum recommended daily caffeine intake for children?
$2.5mg/kg/day$
Which of the following is a potential side effect of excessive caffeine intake in older adults?
Exaggerated pharmacologic effect and sleep interference
Which of the following is the caffeine content of Excedrin Migraine Geltabs/Tablets/Caplets?
65mg
What is the recommended maximum daily caffeine intake for pregnant women?
200mg/day
What is the caffeine content of NoDoz Maximum Strength and Vivarin?
200mg
Which of the following is the primary reason why T.J. should not take NoDoz Maximum Strength in the afternoon?
The additional caffeine may cause excessive sleepiness and disrupt his sleep pattern.
What is the term used to describe the side effects of dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision caused by anticholinergics?
Anticholinergic Side Effects
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cholinergic crisis?
Defecation
Which condition is contraindicated for the use of medications causing anticholinergic side effects?
Angle-closure glaucoma
What mnemonic is commonly used to remember the symptoms of cholinergic crisis?
'Cant spit, Cant see, Cant pee, Cant shit'
Which neurotransmitter is affected by anticholinergic medications causing dry mouth and blurred vision?
Acetylcholine
What is a common side effect associated with anticholinergics that helps in distinguishing them from other drug classes?
Dry mouth
What symptom may occur in a patient who abruptly discontinues caffeine intake?
Throbbing headache
Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with caffeine use based on the text?
Memory loss
What noted side effect may be seen in patients with increased risk based on the text?
Kidney stone formation
Which of the following symptoms may suggest caffeine withdrawal upon abrupt discontinuation?
Depressed mood
What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine according to the text?
Anxiety
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with caffeine use based on the text?
Drowsiness
What is the elimination half-life of caffeine based on the provided text?
6-8 hours
Which condition serves as a contraindication for caffeine use according to the text?
Peptic ulcer disease
Which symptom is NOT associated with excessive intake of caffeine based on the text?
Excessive sweating
Which supplement ingredient is most likely to be found along with caffeine in dietary supplements?
Guarana
What is the peak concentration time range of caffeine according to the text?
30-45 minutes
Which group of patients should be cautious when using dietary supplements containing caffeine?
Pregnant women
Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine?
Urinary retention
What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis, which can occur with excessive cholinergic activity?
Muscle fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitching)
Which of the following is an anticholinergic side effect that can occur with diphenhydramine use?
Blurred vision
Which of the following is a potential symptom of cholinergic crisis?
Miosis (constricted pupils)
Which of the following anticholinergic side effects is associated with diphenhydramine use?
Dry mouth
What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis?
Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature)
Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine in older adults?
All of the above
Which of the following symptoms may indicate a cholinergic crisis?
All of the above
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause anticholinergic side effects?
Diphenhydramine
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the anticholinergic effects of diphenhydramine in older adults?
All of the above
Which of the following medications is least likely to cause anticholinergic side effects in older adults?
Cetirizine
Which of the following is a potential treatment for cholinergic crisis?
Both b and c
Test your knowledge on drowsiness, fatigue, inadequate sleep, caffeine, and their effects on workplace accidents, transportation accidents, mood, and productivity. Explore the impact of caffeine intake and how sleep and wakefulness are affected by homeostatic mechanisms and circadian rhythms.
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