Page 37: Drowsiness and Fatigue Basics Causes (insomnia)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following medications is most likely to cause drowsiness or fatigue?

  • Antidepressants
  • Antineoplastics (correct)
  • Amphetamines
  • Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

    • A patient presenting with frequent awakenings and impaired daytime functioning is likely experiencing symptoms of:

  • Withdrawal insomnia
  • Sleep disturbances secondary to psychiatric disorders
  • Insomnia due to stress
  • Chronic insomnia (correct)

    • Which age group is generally excluded for self-care in insomnia treatment?

  • Less than 18 years of age
  • Greater than 65 years of age (correct)
  • Between 45-60 years of age
  • Greater than 70 years of age

    • What is a common symptom of insomnia as described in the provided text?

    <p>Excessive daytime sleepiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs should be avoided as a treatment option for insomnia lasting more than 3 weeks?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common goal of insomnia treatment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improve sleep duration and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of drowsiness and fatigue?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of inadequate sleep according to the text?

    <p>Increased risk of workplace accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common presentation of drowsiness and fatigue?

    <p>Frequent yawning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of caffeine according to the text?

    <p>Enhances mental alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of medications can impact sleep and wakefulness according to the text?

    <p>CNS depressants, benzodiazepines, antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary treatment goal for drowsiness?

    <p>Identify and eliminate underlying causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of caffeine in increasing 3'5' cyclic AMP levels?

    <p>Competitive inhibition of adenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does caffeine prevent apnea according to the text?

    <p>By inhibiting phosphodiesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine?

    <p>Elevated heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does caffeine affect blood pressure and heart rate based on the text?

    <p>Increases blood pressure and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may occur upon abrupt discontinuation of caffeine intake?

    <p>Throbbing headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How may cigarette smoking impact serum caffeine levels according to the text?

    <p>Increase clearance by over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended nightly sleep duration for adults aged 26-64, according to the National Sleep Foundation?

    <p>7-9 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves on the EEG?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of poor sleep latency (falling asleep difficulty) according to the text?

    <p>Experiencing acute life stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is NOT associated with insomnia based on the information provided?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can untreated chronic insomnia potentially lead to?

    <p>Depression and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of sleep shows high-frequency waves on the EEG?

    <p>REM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended daily caffeine intake for children?

    <p>$2.5mg/kg/day$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of excessive caffeine intake in older adults?

    <p>Exaggerated pharmacologic effect and sleep interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the caffeine content of Excedrin Migraine Geltabs/Tablets/Caplets?

    <p>65mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum daily caffeine intake for pregnant women?

    <p>200mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caffeine content of NoDoz Maximum Strength and Vivarin?

    <p>200mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary reason why T.J. should not take NoDoz Maximum Strength in the afternoon?

    <p>The additional caffeine may cause excessive sleepiness and disrupt his sleep pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the side effects of dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision caused by anticholinergics?

    <p>Anticholinergic Side Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is contraindicated for the use of medications causing anticholinergic side effects?

    <p>Angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic is commonly used to remember the symptoms of cholinergic crisis?

    <p>'Cant spit, Cant see, Cant pee, Cant shit'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by anticholinergic medications causing dry mouth and blurred vision?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with anticholinergics that helps in distinguishing them from other drug classes?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may occur in a patient who abruptly discontinues caffeine intake?

    <p>Throbbing headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with caffeine use based on the text?

    <p>Memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What noted side effect may be seen in patients with increased risk based on the text?

    <p>Kidney stone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may suggest caffeine withdrawal upon abrupt discontinuation?

    <p>Depressed mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of high doses of caffeine according to the text?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with caffeine use based on the text?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elimination half-life of caffeine based on the provided text?

    <p>6-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition serves as a contraindication for caffeine use according to the text?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with excessive intake of caffeine based on the text?

    <p>Excessive sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supplement ingredient is most likely to be found along with caffeine in dietary supplements?

    <p>Guarana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak concentration time range of caffeine according to the text?

    <p>30-45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of patients should be cautious when using dietary supplements containing caffeine?

    <p>Pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis, which can occur with excessive cholinergic activity?

    <p>Muscle fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitching)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an anticholinergic side effect that can occur with diphenhydramine use?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential symptom of cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Miosis (constricted pupils)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticholinergic side effects is associated with diphenhydramine use?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine in older adults?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms may indicate a cholinergic crisis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is most likely to cause anticholinergic side effects?

    <p>Diphenhydramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of the anticholinergic effects of diphenhydramine in older adults?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is least likely to cause anticholinergic side effects in older adults?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential treatment for cholinergic crisis?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

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