Paediatric Dentistry: Restorative Materials (Part 2)
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of ideal restorative materials?

  • High thermal diffusivity
  • High water absorption
  • Toxic and irritant properties
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion similar to enamel & dentin (correct)

    • Which type of restorative material releases fluoride over time?

  • Glass Ionomer Cements (correct)
  • Composite Resin
  • Eugenol Cement
  • Silver Amalgam

    • What is the primary use of Calcium Hydroxide?

  • As a cavity liner (correct)
  • As a restorative material
  • As a base under a restoration
  • As a polishing agent

    • Which type of crown is commonly used in pediatric dentistry?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Glass Ionomer Cements?

    <p>Minimal shrinkage during setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a cavity base?

    <p>As a layer of insulation under a restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for Calcium Hydroxide?

    <p>As a sedative in deep preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the powder composition of Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>Calcium-Alumino-Silicate Glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid composition of Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>Homopolymer Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>Low Fracture Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of pre-packaged Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>Pre-proportioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement?

    <p>As an insulating base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mixing time for Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement?

    <p>40-60 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acid-base reaction in Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Glass Ionomer Cement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the mean survival time of a Glass Ionomer Cement restoration?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of Anterior SSC with windows crowns?

    <p>Higher cost than stainless steel, composite strip, and polycarbonate crowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of Anterior Stainless-Steel Crowns?

    <p>Excellent aesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Composite strip crowns?

    <p>They are susceptible to fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication for Polycarbonate Crowns?

    <p>Grossly carious anterior teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of Zirconia Ceramic Crowns?

    <p>High cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of Anterior SSC with windows crowns?

    <p>Durable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Polycarbonate Crowns?

    <p>They come in various shades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crowns are often used for temporary restorations?

    <p>Polycarbonate Crowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of vacuum-drying polyalkenoic acid in Water-based GIC?

    <p>To improve the cement's strength due to higher molecular weight PAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of Glass-Cermet cement over regular Glass Ionomer cement?

    <p>Overcome the low resistance to abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of composite resin is known for its excellent aesthetics and polishability?

    <p>Type II– Microfilled Composite Resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid in the composite resin placement process?

    <p>To prepare the surface for bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a dual-cure system in composite resin?

    <p>It allows for both acid-base reaction and light polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of using stainless steel crowns?

    <p>Poor aesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using resin-veneered crowns?

    <p>To improve the aesthetics of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using light-activated GIC over traditional GIC?

    <p>It provides better polymerization control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a bonding agent in the composite resin placement process?

    <p>To increase the strength of the bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using hybrid composite resin over microfilled composite resin?

    <p>It has improved strength and durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a provisional diagnosis?

    <p>A preliminary educated guess regarding the nature of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of differential diagnosis?

    <p>To rule out other possible diseases with similar symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for Acute Pulpalgia?

    <p>True Tooth Ache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Cracked Tooth Syndrome?

    <p>Pain felt during mastication as a quick, unbearable stab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Acute Apical Abscess?

    <p>Less intense pain than AAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of Acute Apical Abscess?

    <p>Radiographs reveal a break in lamina dura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensation felt in Hypersensitivity?

    <p>Short, sudden, sharp 'Shock'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Moderate Acute Pulpalgia and Advanced Acute Pulpalgia?

    <p>The tolerance of pain by the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Chronic Apical Abscess?

    <p>Usually symptom free</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Phoenix Abscess?

    <p>Severe continuous throbbing type of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

    <p>Brief, shock-like, and lancinating pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common location of pain in Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia?

    <p>Ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa or beneath the angle of the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Cephalgia?

    <p>Common in females and generally preceded by an Aura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Eagles Syndrome?

    <p>Tinnitus and pain in the jaws upon wide opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the provisional diagnosis of a patient with a chief complaint of severe pain in the left lower back tooth region, with a grossly decayed tooth and evidence of a dome-shaped swelling of the gingiva?

    <p>Phoenix Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a patient with a provisional diagnosis of Acute Apical Abscess?

    <p>Intermittent, throbbing type of pain upon taking cold and hot foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a patient with a provisional diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

    <p>Brief, shock-like, and lancinating pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia?

    <p>Pain lasts for 2 sec to 2 min and is provoked by swallowing, chewing, talking, or yawning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry

    • Easy to use, easy to trim and polish, tooth-colored, adhesive, no change of volume, provides protection, adequate strength, insoluble, non-corrosive, and radio-opaque.
    • Ideal restorative materials should have a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to enamel and dentin, thermal diffusivity similar to enamel and dentin, low water absorption, rate of wear similar to enamel, good shelf life, non-toxic and non-irritant, resist the formation of dental plaque, and be inexpensive.

    Commonly Used Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry

    • Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)
    • Composite Resins
    • Silver Amalgam (less commonly used)

    Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)

    • Releases fluoride over time
    • Has minimal shrinkage during setting
    • Possesses durability and superior esthetic qualities
    • Has adhesion to tooth (chemical adhesion), ion release (calcium and phosphate), esthetics, biocompatibility, and a mean survival time of 12 months
    • Disadvantages: low fracture resistance, water sensitivity

    Types of Glass Ionomer Cements

    • Two-bottle system (powder/liquid system)
    • Pre-packaged (capsulated formulation)

    Modifications of Glass Ionomer Cements

    • Miracle Mix: adds amalgam alloy powders to the glass powder to increase flexural strength
    • Water-based GIC: uses vacuum-dried polyalkenoic acid and water
    • Glass Cermet-cement: introduced by McLean and Gasser (1985) to overcome low resistance to abrasion
    • Resin-modified GIC (RMGIC): introduced by Mitra (1989), uses a mixture of glass ionomer powder, organic acid, and resin polymer
    • Light-activated (thermal-cure) GIC
    • Coloured GIC

    Composite Resins

    • A combination of two or more chemically different materials
    • Inorganic fillers: silica, crystalline quartz, and soft glasses
    • Advantages: resist deformation, reduce polymerization shrinkage, increase hardness
    • Types of composite: Macro Filled, Microfilled, Hybrid, and Flowable
    • Available as auto-cure, light-activated, or dual cure systems

    Extracoronal Restorations

    • Stainless Steel Crowns: durable, retentive, low cost, easy to trim and contour, adaptable to occlusion, fast placement time, insensitive to hemorrhage or moisture
    • Disadvantages: poor aesthetics, potential allergenicity
    • Stainless Steel Crown with White Facings: combines durability with aesthetics
    • Anterior Stainless-Steel Crowns: excellent aesthetics, moderate cost, technique-sensitive, low durability, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
    • Composite Strip Crowns: aesthetic, moderate cost, technique-sensitive, low durability, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
    • Polycarbonate Crowns: low cost, technique-sensitive, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
    • Zirconia Ceramic Crowns: exceptional durability, excellent aesthetics, highly biocompatible, high cost, inability to contour

    Provisional and Differential Diagnosis

    • A provisional diagnosis is a preliminary educated guess regarding the nature of the disease prior to any diagnostic data collection.
    • Differential diagnosis is the process of identifying one disease from other diseases that resemble similar signs and symptoms.

    Provisional Diagnosis of Pain

    • Odontalgia
    • Neuralgia
    • Cephalgia
    • Arthralgia
    • Other conditions

    Differential Diagnosis of Odontalgia

    • Hyper-reactive pulpalgia
    • Hypersensitivity
    • Hyperaemia
    • Acute pulpalgia
    • Chronic pulpalgia
    • Apical periodontitis
    • Cracked tooth syndrome
    • Occlusal trauma
    • Periapical abscess
    • Periodontal abscess
    • Phoenix abscess

    Hypersensitivity

    • Short, sudden, sharp "shock" elicited by an exciting factor such as cold food, drink, air, or by contact of two dissimilar metals.
    • Exposed dentine to sweet, sour, salt, toothbrush, or an explorer.

    Acute Pulpalgia

    • Also called True Tooth Ache, moderate acute pulpalgia is tolerable, while advanced acute pulpalgia is not.

    Cracked Tooth Syndrome

    • Range of symptoms from hypersensitivity to continuous pulpalgia.
    • Pain felt during mastication as a quick, unbearable stab.
    • Contact with cold causes pain.
    • Crack can be demonstrated by applying dyes to the tooth.

    Acute Apical Abscess (AAA)

    • Less intense pain than AAP.
    • Throbbing pain on mastication.
    • Often observable swelling of periosteum.
    • Occasionally gives rise to cellulitis.
    • Tooth is sensitive to percussion.
    • Vestibular tenderness.
    • Radiographs reveal a break in lamina dura/widening of PDL space apically.

    Chronic Apical Abscess (CAP)

    • Also called Suppurative apical periodontitis.
    • Usually symptom-free.
    • There may be draining/healed sinuses.

    Phoenix Abscess

    • Acute exacerbation of a chronic lesion.
    • Severe, continuous throbbing type of pain, short duration.
    • Associated with space infection.
    • History of similar type of suffering in the past.
    • Clinical, grossly decayed tooth and sinus openings.

    Provisional Diagnosis of Neuralgia

    • Paroxysmal, intermittent, intense pain usually confined to specific nerve branches.

    Trigeminal Neuralgia

    • Also called Tic dou-lourex.
    • Very painful condition that involves one side of the face along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
    • Pain is brief, shock-like, and lancinating.
    • Each painful episode lasts for a few seconds.
    • Unilateral pain, does not cross to the opposite side.
    • Pain is precipitated on stimulus on the trigger zones while shaving, washing, talking, and while brushing.

    Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

    • Affects the region supplied by the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
    • Severe, stabbing, or burning pain.
    • Located in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, or beneath the angle of the jaw.
    • Pain lasts for 2 seconds to 2 minutes.
    • Provoked by swallowing, chewing, talking, or yawning.

    Provisional Diagnosis of Cephalgia

    • Classic Migraine
    • Common Migraine
    • Cluster Headache
    • Tension Headache
    • Migraine is common in females and is generally preceded by an Aura, usually visual (blind spot or zigzag lines or flashing light).
    • Cluster headache is common in males, bouts of pain in spaced clusters of paroxysms not preceded by Aura.

    Provisional Diagnosis for Other Conditions

    • Ulcers
    • Sinusitis
    • Otalgia
    • Eagles syndrome
    • Angina
    • Eagles syndrome (calcified stylohyoid ligament) - foreign body sensation in the throat, pain in the neck while turning the head side to side, tinnitus, and pain in the jaws upon wide opening.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the properties and characteristics of ideal restorative materials used in paediatric dentistry. Test your knowledge of these materials and their applications.

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