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What is a characteristic of ideal restorative materials?
Which type of restorative material releases fluoride over time?
What is the primary use of Calcium Hydroxide?
Which type of crown is commonly used in pediatric dentistry?
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What is a characteristic of Glass Ionomer Cements?
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What is the primary use of a cavity base?
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What is the indication for Calcium Hydroxide?
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What is the powder composition of Glass Ionomer Cement?
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What is the liquid composition of Glass Ionomer Cement?
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What is the disadvantage of Glass Ionomer Cement?
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What is the advantage of pre-packaged Glass Ionomer Cement?
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What is the use of Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement?
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What is the mixing time for Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement?
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What is the acid-base reaction in Glass Ionomer Cement?
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What is the advantage of Glass Ionomer Cement?
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How long is the mean survival time of a Glass Ionomer Cement restoration?
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What is a disadvantage of Anterior SSC with windows crowns?
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What is an advantage of Anterior Stainless-Steel Crowns?
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What is a characteristic of Composite strip crowns?
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What is an indication for Polycarbonate Crowns?
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What is a disadvantage of Zirconia Ceramic Crowns?
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What is an advantage of Anterior SSC with windows crowns?
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What is a characteristic of Polycarbonate Crowns?
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What type of crowns are often used for temporary restorations?
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What is the primary purpose of vacuum-drying polyalkenoic acid in Water-based GIC?
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What is the primary advantage of Glass-Cermet cement over regular Glass Ionomer cement?
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What type of composite resin is known for its excellent aesthetics and polishability?
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What is the purpose of etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid in the composite resin placement process?
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What is the advantage of using a dual-cure system in composite resin?
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What is the primary disadvantage of using stainless steel crowns?
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What is the purpose of using resin-veneered crowns?
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What is the primary advantage of using light-activated GIC over traditional GIC?
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What is the primary purpose of using a bonding agent in the composite resin placement process?
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What is the primary advantage of using hybrid composite resin over microfilled composite resin?
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What is the definition of a provisional diagnosis?
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What is the primary purpose of differential diagnosis?
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What is another term for Acute Pulpalgia?
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What is a characteristic of Cracked Tooth Syndrome?
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What is a characteristic of Acute Apical Abscess?
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What is a sign of Acute Apical Abscess?
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What is the sensation felt in Hypersensitivity?
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What is the primary difference between Moderate Acute Pulpalgia and Advanced Acute Pulpalgia?
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What is the characteristic of Chronic Apical Abscess?
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What is the characteristic of Phoenix Abscess?
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What is the characteristic of Trigeminal Neuralgia?
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What is the common location of pain in Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia?
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What is the characteristic of Cephalgia?
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What is the characteristic of Eagles Syndrome?
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What is the provisional diagnosis of a patient with a chief complaint of severe pain in the left lower back tooth region, with a grossly decayed tooth and evidence of a dome-shaped swelling of the gingiva?
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What is the characteristic of a patient with a provisional diagnosis of Acute Apical Abscess?
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What is the characteristic of a patient with a provisional diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia?
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What is the characteristic of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia?
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Study Notes
Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
- Easy to use, easy to trim and polish, tooth-colored, adhesive, no change of volume, provides protection, adequate strength, insoluble, non-corrosive, and radio-opaque.
- Ideal restorative materials should have a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to enamel and dentin, thermal diffusivity similar to enamel and dentin, low water absorption, rate of wear similar to enamel, good shelf life, non-toxic and non-irritant, resist the formation of dental plaque, and be inexpensive.
Commonly Used Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
- Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)
- Composite Resins
- Silver Amalgam (less commonly used)
Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC)
- Releases fluoride over time
- Has minimal shrinkage during setting
- Possesses durability and superior esthetic qualities
- Has adhesion to tooth (chemical adhesion), ion release (calcium and phosphate), esthetics, biocompatibility, and a mean survival time of 12 months
- Disadvantages: low fracture resistance, water sensitivity
Types of Glass Ionomer Cements
- Two-bottle system (powder/liquid system)
- Pre-packaged (capsulated formulation)
Modifications of Glass Ionomer Cements
- Miracle Mix: adds amalgam alloy powders to the glass powder to increase flexural strength
- Water-based GIC: uses vacuum-dried polyalkenoic acid and water
- Glass Cermet-cement: introduced by McLean and Gasser (1985) to overcome low resistance to abrasion
- Resin-modified GIC (RMGIC): introduced by Mitra (1989), uses a mixture of glass ionomer powder, organic acid, and resin polymer
- Light-activated (thermal-cure) GIC
- Coloured GIC
Composite Resins
- A combination of two or more chemically different materials
- Inorganic fillers: silica, crystalline quartz, and soft glasses
- Advantages: resist deformation, reduce polymerization shrinkage, increase hardness
- Types of composite: Macro Filled, Microfilled, Hybrid, and Flowable
- Available as auto-cure, light-activated, or dual cure systems
Extracoronal Restorations
- Stainless Steel Crowns: durable, retentive, low cost, easy to trim and contour, adaptable to occlusion, fast placement time, insensitive to hemorrhage or moisture
- Disadvantages: poor aesthetics, potential allergenicity
- Stainless Steel Crown with White Facings: combines durability with aesthetics
- Anterior Stainless-Steel Crowns: excellent aesthetics, moderate cost, technique-sensitive, low durability, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
- Composite Strip Crowns: aesthetic, moderate cost, technique-sensitive, low durability, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
- Polycarbonate Crowns: low cost, technique-sensitive, requires adequate hemorrhage and moisture control
- Zirconia Ceramic Crowns: exceptional durability, excellent aesthetics, highly biocompatible, high cost, inability to contour
Provisional and Differential Diagnosis
- A provisional diagnosis is a preliminary educated guess regarding the nature of the disease prior to any diagnostic data collection.
- Differential diagnosis is the process of identifying one disease from other diseases that resemble similar signs and symptoms.
Provisional Diagnosis of Pain
- Odontalgia
- Neuralgia
- Cephalgia
- Arthralgia
- Other conditions
Differential Diagnosis of Odontalgia
- Hyper-reactive pulpalgia
- Hypersensitivity
- Hyperaemia
- Acute pulpalgia
- Chronic pulpalgia
- Apical periodontitis
- Cracked tooth syndrome
- Occlusal trauma
- Periapical abscess
- Periodontal abscess
- Phoenix abscess
Hypersensitivity
- Short, sudden, sharp "shock" elicited by an exciting factor such as cold food, drink, air, or by contact of two dissimilar metals.
- Exposed dentine to sweet, sour, salt, toothbrush, or an explorer.
Acute Pulpalgia
- Also called True Tooth Ache, moderate acute pulpalgia is tolerable, while advanced acute pulpalgia is not.
Cracked Tooth Syndrome
- Range of symptoms from hypersensitivity to continuous pulpalgia.
- Pain felt during mastication as a quick, unbearable stab.
- Contact with cold causes pain.
- Crack can be demonstrated by applying dyes to the tooth.
Acute Apical Abscess (AAA)
- Less intense pain than AAP.
- Throbbing pain on mastication.
- Often observable swelling of periosteum.
- Occasionally gives rise to cellulitis.
- Tooth is sensitive to percussion.
- Vestibular tenderness.
- Radiographs reveal a break in lamina dura/widening of PDL space apically.
Chronic Apical Abscess (CAP)
- Also called Suppurative apical periodontitis.
- Usually symptom-free.
- There may be draining/healed sinuses.
Phoenix Abscess
- Acute exacerbation of a chronic lesion.
- Severe, continuous throbbing type of pain, short duration.
- Associated with space infection.
- History of similar type of suffering in the past.
- Clinical, grossly decayed tooth and sinus openings.
Provisional Diagnosis of Neuralgia
- Paroxysmal, intermittent, intense pain usually confined to specific nerve branches.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Also called Tic dou-lourex.
- Very painful condition that involves one side of the face along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
- Pain is brief, shock-like, and lancinating.
- Each painful episode lasts for a few seconds.
- Unilateral pain, does not cross to the opposite side.
- Pain is precipitated on stimulus on the trigger zones while shaving, washing, talking, and while brushing.
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
- Affects the region supplied by the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
- Severe, stabbing, or burning pain.
- Located in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, or beneath the angle of the jaw.
- Pain lasts for 2 seconds to 2 minutes.
- Provoked by swallowing, chewing, talking, or yawning.
Provisional Diagnosis of Cephalgia
- Classic Migraine
- Common Migraine
- Cluster Headache
- Tension Headache
- Migraine is common in females and is generally preceded by an Aura, usually visual (blind spot or zigzag lines or flashing light).
- Cluster headache is common in males, bouts of pain in spaced clusters of paroxysms not preceded by Aura.
Provisional Diagnosis for Other Conditions
- Ulcers
- Sinusitis
- Otalgia
- Eagles syndrome
- Angina
- Eagles syndrome (calcified stylohyoid ligament) - foreign body sensation in the throat, pain in the neck while turning the head side to side, tinnitus, and pain in the jaws upon wide opening.
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Description
This quiz covers the properties and characteristics of ideal restorative materials used in paediatric dentistry. Test your knowledge of these materials and their applications.
