Packet Switching in Networking
45 Questions
8 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What allows the same data path to be shared among many users in a packet switched network?

  • Breaking communication down into packets (correct)
  • Establishing circuit switched connections
  • Sending data as one continuous stream
  • Using a dedicated line for each user

    • What feature of packet switched networks enables them to recover from damage without significant disruption?

  • Single source of data transmission
  • Network intelligence for optimal routing (correct)
  • Dedicated pathways for each packet
  • Continuous flow of data without interruptions

    • How does packet switching improve efficiency compared to circuit switched networks?

  • By ensuring each packet is sent individually without routing
  • By requiring dedicated lines for each communication
  • By depending on the sequence of packet arrival
  • By allowing multiple messages to be sent simultaneously (correct)

    • What happens when a packet is lost or damaged in a packet switched network?

    <p>Only the missing packet needs to be resent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the structure of the Internet?

    <p>A network of networks that interconnects various systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does a Domain Name Server (DNS) serve?

    <p>It converts domain names into IP addresses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of an IP address?

    <p>Network and host. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dotted decimal format, how many digits can each section of an IP address contain?

    <p>0 to 255 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization is responsible for the global Domain Name System?

    <p>ICANN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of IPv4 addresses?

    <p>4.3 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the IP address 10.1.1.1 represented in binary?

    <p>00001010 00000001 00000001 00000001 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name Server (DNS)?

    <p>To convert domain names into IP addresses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of unique addresses that can be represented in one section of an IP address?

    <p>256 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ICANN stand for?

    <p>Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to data when it is sent over the Internet?

    <p>It is broken down into packets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format separates the four sections of an IP address?

    <p>Dots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is included in the header of an email packet?

    <p>The recipient's email address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a need to transition from IPv4 to IPv6?

    <p>IPv6 provides a larger pool of addresses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is predicted to be the primary connection device to the internet by 2020?

    <p>Mobile phones/devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does traditional circuit switching operate?

    <p>It uses a dedicated physical path for the entire call duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platform had the highest number of monthly active users in January 2018?

    <p>Facebook (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When data packets arrive at their destination, what happens next?

    <p>They are merged and recombined into the original data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many connected devices were predicted to be in use in 2015?

    <p>4.9 Billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of businesses were using social media actively in 2018?

    <p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual number of usable IPv4 addresses out of the total?

    <p>3.7 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change is predicted for brands redesigning their websites by 2021?

    <p>Increase in digital commerce revenue by 30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a computer as described?

    <p>To carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations automatically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By which year is it expected that the banking industry will derive $1B in business value from cryptocurrencies?

    <p>2020 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Information Technology?

    <p>Entertainment systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines Information Technology?

    <p>The engineering branch focused on computer and telecom usage to manage data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major challenge related to AI is highlighted for the year 2020?

    <p>Increased fake content generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to be the focus of half of all IoT security budgets through 2022?

    <p>Fault remediation and safety failures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Interconnected computer networks' refer to?

    <p>A global system of linked computer networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is considered a high-level view component of a computer?

    <p>Operating system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Difference Engine developed by Charles Babbage?

    <p>An early mechanical computer designed for calculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the IBM 5150 introduced in 1981?

    <p>It marked the transition to digital computing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which integrated circuits can be found in modern computers?

    <p>Hybrid circuits that combine analog and digital elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major development in Internet technology was introduced in the 1980s?

    <p>Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following web advancements occurred in the 1990s?

    <p>HyperText Markup Language (HTML) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the number of Internet users reach the first billion?

    <p>2005 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world population had an Internet connection in 2018?

    <p>40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact has the Internet had on the growth of eCommerce?

    <p>Enabled global online transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comparison was made regarding the computer in a mobile phone to a computer from MIT in 1965?

    <p>1,000,000 times cheaper and 100,000 times smaller (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the first events that marked the beginning of the Internet?

    <p>The establishment of ARPANET (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'Web 2.0'?

    <p>A shift towards user-generated content and social media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Computer Definition

    A programmable machine that automatically performs arithmetic and logical operations.

    Information Technology (IT)

    The use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data.

    Computing Evolution

    The progression of computer technology from mechanical devices to modern digital computers.

    Binary

    The system used by computers to represent data using only two digits, 0 and 1.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Integrated Circuit

    A small electronic circuit containing many components.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Computer Components (Basic Model)

    Hardware (like keyboard, mouse, screen) interacting with software (like operating system, applications).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    The Internet

    A global network of interconnected computer networks.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet Function

    Connects computer networks across the world to allow communication and data sharing.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ARPANET

    A US Defense project, the precursor to the Internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    TCP/IP

    The protocol suite that enables computers to communicate on the Internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

    The protocol that allows web pages to be displayed on browsers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

    The language used to create web pages.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Web 2.0

    The era of interactive and user-generated content on the internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet users (2018)

    About 40% of the world's population had internet access in 2018.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet growth

    The rapid increase in the number of internet users and devices.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet impact

    The profound worldwide change that the internet brought.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mobile phones as primary internet connection

    By 2020, mobile phones are expected to be the most important way people connect to the internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Connected devices 2015

    Gartner predicted 4.9 billion connected devices in use in 2015 (including mobile phones, computers, cars, and wearables).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Social networking growth

    Social networking is a rapidly growing part of the internet. Facebook had over 2.2 billion monthly active users in 2018.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    YouTube's popularity (2018)

    YouTube had over 1.5 billion users in 2018, making it the most popular video site globally for uploading and viewing videos.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Business social media usage (2018)

    In 2018, 90% of businesses actively used social media.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Visual and voice search (2021)

    Brands that adapt their websites to support visual and voice search by 2021 are expected to increase digital sales by 30%.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cryptocurrency in banking (2020)

    Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies are expected to generate $1B in value for the banking industry by 2020.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fake news and counterfeit reality (2020)

    AI-powered creation of fake content will outpace detection, hurting trust in digital info by 2020.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    DNS

    A Domain Name Server converts a website name (like google.com) into a numerical IP address that computers can understand.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    IP Address

    A unique numerical address assigned to each device connected to the internet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dotted Decimal Format

    A way to represent IP addresses using four numbers separated by dots, each number ranging from 0 to 255.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ICANN

    A non-profit organization responsible for managing the Internet's domain name system (DNS) and IP address allocation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What does DNS convert?

    A Domain Name Server (DNS) converts a website name (like google.com) into a numerical IP address.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is an IP Address composed of?

    An IP address is composed of 32 bits (0s and 1s) divided into four sections, each represented by a number between 0 and 255.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the purpose of ICANN?

    ICANN is responsible for coordinating the allocation of IP addresses and managing the global domain name system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the difference between a network and a host portion in an IP Address?

    The network portion identifies the physical network the device is connected to, while the host portion identifies the specific device on that network.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    IPv4 Address Limit

    The IPv4 addressing system can only support around 4.3 billion unique addresses, with only about 3.7 billion actually usable.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    IPv6 Needed

    The growth of the internet requires a move to IPv6 because the IPv4 addressing system is running out of addresses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What does DNS do?

    A Domain Name Server (DNS) converts human-readable website names (like "google.com") into numerical IP addresses that computers understand.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Packet Data

    Data on the internet is broken down into small packets and sent separately, then reassembled at the destination.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Packets' Header Data

    Each packet contains a header with information like the destination, sender, and a block number.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Packet Recombination

    When packets reach their destination, they are reassembled in the correct order to create the original data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Circuit Switching

    A traditional method of communication where a dedicated physical path is established for the duration of a call or data transfer.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internet vs. Circuit Switching

    The internet uses packet switching, sending data in small packets independently, while circuit switching uses a dedicated physical path for the entire communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Packet Switching

    A method of data transmission where data is divided into small packets and routed independently through a network based on their destination address.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Packet Header

    A part of each data packet that contains information like the destination address, sender address, and error checking data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Network Intelligence

    The ability of a packet-switched network to determine the best route for data packets based on factors like network congestion and available paths.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Disaster Tolerance

    The ability of a packet-switched network to reroute data packets in case of network failures or disruptions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Efficient Data Transmission

    Packet switching allows for more efficient use of network resources by enabling multiple users to share the same data path and sending only the necessary packets in case of errors.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    International & Access Foundation Programmes

    • Course: Computer Science
    • Semester: 1, Part 2
    • Topic: Introduction to the Internet

    What is a Computer?

    • A computer is a programmable machine designed to carry out arithmetic or logical operations.
    • A computer is equipment that automatically processes data.

    Exercise

    • Information Technology (IT) is a branch of engineering dealing with computer and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data
    • IT involves the study, design, development, application, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems.
    • Components of IT include people, procedures, hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications.

    Computing Evolution

    • Computing has developed from analog and physical to electronic and digital.
    • Key developments include the Difference Engine (1822), the AKAT-1 transistor differential analyzer (1959), the IBM 1401 (1959), IBM 5150 (1981), and the HP Compaq tablet PC (2003).

    Binary

    • All electronic computers function through binary calculations.
    • Binary calculations use a two-state system (0 and 1).

    Basic Model of a Computer

    • A computer has input (keyboard, mouse), processing (processor chip), and output (monitor, printer) components, along with storage (hard drive, flash memory).

    High Level View of a Computer

    • A higher level view of a computer system shows the computer hardware, operating system, and applications. These components are interconnected and reliant on one another.

    The Internet

    • The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks.
    • The Internet is a network of networks comprising millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks.
    • The Internet includes documents (WWW), and email.

    The History of the Internet

    • Internet development has progressed chronologically from the ARPANET (1960s), Internet Protocol Suite (1980s), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HyperText Markup Language (HTML) (1990s), and Web 2.0 (2000s), to more recent developments (like YouTube, online gaming, social media, blogging, online shopping, and banking).

    Group Exercise: What do you think "The Internet Means"?

    • To examine the significance of the Internet through personal experiences, usage, and perspectives.
    • Four key areas to consider are personal usage scenarios, transformation in work and leisure, personal positive and negative impacts, and foresight in future technological innovation.

    Internet Stats 2018

    • There was approximately 4.15 billion internet users globally in January 2018.
    • In January 2018, 3.2 billion were also social media users.
    • 2018 data showed 1.8 billion websites.
    • Over 7.6 billion people were around that time.
    • 2018 saw a tenfold increase in internet users.
    • China had the most Internet users at 772 million.

    Internet Stats 2018 - Internet Users

    • In 1995, internet connection usage was less than 1%.
    • Internet users increased tenfold from 1999 to 2013.
    • The first billion internet users were reached in 2005, second billion in 2010, and the third billion in 2014

    Internet Stats 2018 - Social Media

    • Over 3.1 billion social media users were recorded worldwide.
    • By 2018, Facebook had 2.2 billion monthly active users, and YouTube over 1.5 billion users.
    • Usage for Instagram was particularly strong in the USA and Spain at 15%.

    Internet Stats 2018 - eCommerce

    • ZenCart was the dominant company at 17% market share in the U.K. in 2018.
    • Internet users over 133 million were using the Amazon app and over 72 million using the Walmart application in the United States.
    • 13% eCommerce sales increased over 2016.

    15 Years of ICT Growth

    • Mobile telephone subscriptions, mobile broadband subscriptions, using the internet, and fixed broadband subscriptions have shown significant growth.

    Broadband increasing Mobile

    • Use of mobile broadband significantly grew from 2012 to 2017.

    Why Do Devices Matter?

    • Global internet device shipments have grown, evolving from personal computers predominating to smartphones dominating from 2011 onward.

    The iPhone Rules Myth?

    • The prevalence of iPhones has been debated and their share of the mobile market is not as significant as it once was. Other companies (Android phones, Samsung, Huawei, Xiaomi, Oppo, etc.) and others now appear to be quite comparable over time.

    Internet Growth

    • The Internet of Things (IoT) is predicted to exceed 50 billion connected devices by 2020.

    Some Other Facts About the Internet

    • Computers in mobile phones are 1,000,000 times cheaper, 1,000 times more powerful, and 100,000 times smaller than those in 1965
    • By 2020, mobile phones/devices will be the primary internet connection method.
    • There were 4.9 billion connected "things" (devices) in use in 2015.

    Group Work

    • Analyze trends relating to technology and internet over the next few years.
    • Prioritize important segments and future technological advancements.
    • Assess potential challenges in the development and use.
    • Form groups of 3 or more and develop ideas.

    Gartner Predicts...

    • Visual and voice search will increase digital commerce by 30% by 2021.
    • Banking industry will derive $1 Billion from blockchain-based cryptocurrencies in 2020
    • Al-driven fake content creation will increase by 2020, outpacing detection.
    • Enterprises will spend more on bots and chatbots than traditional mobile apps in 2021

    Internet in Everything

    • By 2020, IoT technology will be present in 95% of electronics in designs.
    • Categories discussed included intelligent things, augmented analytics using Al for development, digital twins using their features to provide knowledge and awareness, empowered edge with immersive experience, and privacy and ethics, mesh with blockchain, smart spaces with IoT features, and a closing on quantum computing.

    Internet Changing History?

    • Discussion around the history of the internet related to technology.

    How Does the Web Work?

    • The process of typing a web address involves several steps, including finding the correct web server location and sending that request to get the information needed.
    • A domain name server (DNS) is needed to convert the web address into an IP address.

    Webservers

    • Web servers are rack-mounted computers designed for handling internet requests and data.

    Domain Name Server

    • DNS Servers operate in pairs for redundancy.
    • DNS servers cache information like pages for faster retrieval.

    Where Do You See This in Windows?

    • Windows systems use a networking component to establish internet connections.
    • Selecting settings like obtaining an IP address automatically or providing IP and DNS settings.

    ICANN

    • ICANN was established in September 1998; it coordinates databases for IP addresses and the global domain name system.

    IP Addresses (IP Version 4)

    • IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format using four sections separated by dots, with each section between 0 and 255.
    • IP addresses comprise a network and host portion, using networks to identify wires, and host to identify the device on that wire.

    IP Addresses

    • Computers use 32-bit numbers to represent IP addresses. Using 28, we have a space of 256 numbers to choose from (0 to 255)

    Limit of IP v4

    • IPv4 only supports a maximum of 4.3 billion addresses (although only 3.7 billion are usable), requiring a move to IPv6 to accommodate growth.

    How Does the Internet Work?

    • Data is broken down into packets and routed across networks using headers and destination information.

    How Does the Internet Work? Packet Data

    • Emails are broken into packets which consist of a header (containing vital data like sender, receiver, destination), and data (the email content)

    Traditional Circuit Switching

    • Uses a dedicated physical path to transmit data.
    • This is inefficient, limiting simultaneous use of the network.

    Packet Switching Circuits

    • Small data units are routed over a network based on destination.
    • Error checking and disaster tolerance are built into the system to mitigate issues with packet loss or damage.

    Why use Packet Data?

    • Packet data transmission is a more efficient alternative.
    • Multiple communications can happen simultaneously.
    • Networks decide the most efficient path and allow damage to part of the network not hindering its operation.

    To Recap - The Internet

    • The global packet switched network breaks data into chunks/packets which are transferred individually and not necessarily along the same pathway.
    • The Internet is a network of networks.
    • The World Wide Web uses Internet protocols to send web pages.

    Further Reading & Resources

    • Links and websites related to IT history and web tutorials.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Introduction to the Internet PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts related to packet switched networks, including their structure, efficiency, and error recovery features. Test your knowledge on Domain Name Servers (DNS), IP addresses, and how data is managed in these networks.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser