Pacific Ring of Fire: Submarine Volcanoes and Seismic Activity
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the intense seismic and volcanic activity along the Pacific Ocean?

  • The increase in temperature to reach melting
  • The formation of subduction zones (correct)
  • The presence of hotspots
  • The radioactive decay of rocks
  • What process occurs when the early-formed minerals are denser than the liquid and sink towards the magma chamber?

  • Crystal settling (correct)
  • Magmatic differentiation
  • Radioactive decay
  • Adiabatic decompression
  • What is the sequence of minerals crystallizing from a magma depicted by?

  • Magmatic differentiation
  • The Pacific Ring of Fire
  • Crystal settling
  • Bowen's reaction series (correct)
  • What is the result of crystal settling on the remaining melt?

    <p>A change in the composition of the remaining melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which one or more secondary magmas form from a single parent magma?

    <p>Magmatic differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that generates magmas?

    <p>Increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that prevents magma from reaching the surface?

    <p>The weight of the overlying column of rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of magma is more likely to produce an explosive eruption?

    <p>Magma with high viscosity and high gas content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the environment where marine and non-marine processes interact?

    <p>Transitional Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the magma as it rises and encounters less overburden?

    <p>The fluid pressure is able to open fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of magma that produces lava fountains and lava flows?

    <p>Low viscosity and low gas content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pressurized magma breaching the surface?

    <p>The creation of a volcanic eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of volcanic eruptions that occur at mid-ocean rift systems?

    <p>Fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe submerged, flat-topped seamounts that formed from volcanic islands moving away from oceanic ridges or hot spots?

    <p>Guyots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oceanic volcanism occurs at mid-ocean ridges?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location where volcanoes are found?

    <p>Along convergent boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of magma and consequent type of eruption of a volcano?

    <p>Tectonic setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of magma mentioned in the text?

    <p>Basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the sediment to fizz when brought to the ocean surface?

    <p>The increase in temperature at the surface causes the sediment to release methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the sand used in Portland cement, glass, and animal feed supplements?

    <p>Calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to extract diamonds from offshore gravel deposits?

    <p>Dredging using specially designed vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shifting the residual brine from pond to pond during salt evaporation?

    <p>To segregate the various salts from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the color of the salt evaporation ponds?

    <p>The presence of algae and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is liquid, fresh, and available at the surface for easy use by people?

    <p>0.017%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ponds with the highest salinity?

    <p>They have a reddish cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which ice crystals exclude salt during the freezing method of desalination?

    <p>As they form, salt is pushed out of the ice crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of reverse osmosis desalination over distillation and freezing?

    <p>It requires less energy per unit of fresh water produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of the semipermeable membranes used in reverse osmosis desalination?

    <p>They are fragile and costly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of desalination plants operating in the world today?

    <p>15000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between wind and oil and natural gas as energy resources?

    <p>Wind is a renewable resource, whereas oil and natural gas are non-renewable</p> Signup and view all the answers

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