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Questions and Answers
What are the three elements that combine to make a comprehensive view of ideology?
What are the three elements that combine to make a comprehensive view of ideology?
What is the primary significance of Gramsci's work on ideology?
What is the primary significance of Gramsci's work on ideology?
Gramsci shifted the focus of ideology from an 'autonomous tool' of the state to a broader sphere that includes civil society, and he emphasized the role of individual and group activity in shaping ideologies.
What concept does Gramsci introduce to emphasize the complex interplay between dominant and subordinate groups in maintaining social order?
What concept does Gramsci introduce to emphasize the complex interplay between dominant and subordinate groups in maintaining social order?
Hegemony
What are the five main features of ideology, according to Althusser?
What are the five main features of ideology, according to Althusser?
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According to Althusser, ideology is a 'new reality' that is superimposed on the existing economic and productive base.
According to Althusser, ideology is a 'new reality' that is superimposed on the existing economic and productive base.
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Should Ideologies Be Ill-Reputed?
- Ideology evokes strong emotional responses
- People often associate ideology with '-isms' like communism, fascism, or anarchism
- 'Isms' are not always ideologies
- Ideologies are sets of ideas that are manipulated.
- Not all isms are ideologies, and not all ideologies are forced on a society
- Ideologies shape our understanding of the political and social world
- Ideologies are necessary for sense-making and action
- Ideologies can be misleading or superficial interpretations of reality
- Ideologies are not necessarily malicious, but can perpetuate injustices.
Chapter 2: Overcoming Illusions: How Ideologies Came to Stay
- The concept of ideology emerged over time, through the work of various thinkers
- Karl Mannheim saw ideology as a reflection of historical and social contexts.
- Antonio Gramsci saw ideology as hegemony, a power exerted through culture, rather than solely through state force.
- Louis Althusser viewed ideology as a 'new reality' embedded in social institutions.
- Ideology is a tool for understanding and analyzing social and political phenomena.
- Ideologies influence our view of the world and our interactions.
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