Untitled Quiz

Biological Concepts and Definitions

• Species: A group capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
• Binomial system: Scientific naming of organisms using a two-part format (genus and species).
• Tissue: A collection of similar cells working collaboratively for a specific function.
• Organ: Structure formed by different tissues working together for particular tasks.
• Organ system: Multiple organs that collaborate on related bodily functions.

Key Biological Processes

• Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration due to random motion.
• Osmosis: Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential.
• Active transport: Energy-driven movement of particles from low to high concentration across a cell membrane.

Catalysts and Digestion

• Catalyst: A substance that accelerates chemical reactions without being altered.
• Enzyme: Biologically active proteins that serve as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
• Ingestion: Intake of substances into the body through the mouth.
• Mechanical digestion: Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces without altering its chemical structure.
• Chemical digestion: Conversion of large insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble ones.

Nutrient Processing

• Absorption: Movement of digested food molecules and ions into the blood from the intestine.
• Assimilation: Use of digested nutrients by cells, incorporating them into their structure.
• Egestion: Elimination of undigested material from the body as feces.

Photosynthesis and Plant Functions

• Photosynthesis: Process where plants convert raw materials into carbohydrates using light energy.
• Limiting factor: An environmental component in short supply that inhibits biological processes.
• Transpiration: Loss of water vapor from plant leaves, primarily through stomata.
• Translocation: Movement of sucrose and amino acids via phloem from production sites to usage/storage areas.

Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic respiration: Energy-releasing chemical reactions that require oxygen.
• Anaerobic respiration: Energy production processes that occur without oxygen.

Disease and Immunity

• Pathogen: An organism that causes disease.
• Transmissible disease: Illness that can be spread from one host to another.
• Active immunity: Body’s defense against pathogens via antibody production.

Nervous and Hormonal Systems

• Synapse: Connection point between two neurons.
• Sense organs: Organs containing receptor cells that respond to stimuli such as light and sound.
• Hormone: Chemical messenger produced by glands that influences specific body functions.

Plant Responses and Adaptations

• Gravitropism: Growth response of plants to gravity.
• Phototropism: Growth of plant parts towards or away from light.

Homeostasis and Adaptation

• Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environmental state.
• Drug: Substances that affect bodily chemical reactions.
• Asexual reproduction: Production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.
• Mitosis: Type of cell division that results in identical daughter cells.

Reproductive Processes

• Sexual reproduction: Fusion of gametes resulting in genetic diversity among offspring.
• Fertilisation: Combining of gamete nuclei.
• Meiosis: Cell division that reduces chromosome number by half, producing genetically unique cells.

Pollination and Genetic Transmission

• Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
• Self-pollination: Pollen transfer within the same flower or plant.
• Cross-pollination: Pollen transfer between flowers of different plants.

Genetic and Evolution Concepts

• Inheritance: Passing of genetic traits through generations.
• Chromosome: DNA structures containing genes.
• Gene: DNA segment that encodes for proteins.
• Allele: Alternate form of a gene.
• Mutation: Changes in genetic information.

Ecological and Environmental Concepts

• Sustainable resource: Resources replenished as fast as they are consumed, preventing depletion.
• Sustainable development: Growth that meets present human needs without harming future resources.
• Food chain: Sequence illustrating energy transfer through organisms, starting with a producer.
• Food web: Interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.

Populations and Ecosystems

• Population: Group of the same species living in a shared area at a given time.
• Community: Collections of various species populations interacting within an ecosystem.
• Ecosystem: Integrated network of organisms and their physical environment.