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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a duty of the President?

  • To formulate and issue administrative rules (correct)
  • To appoint officials above the ministerial level
  • To grant state medals and titles of honour
  • To declare states of emergency

What is the term limit for members of the State Council?

  • 5 years, serve no more than two consecutive terms (correct)
  • 5 years, unlimited terms
  • 4 years, no consecutive terms
  • 6 years, unlimited terms

Which power is exercised by the State Council?

  • To appoint judges
  • To grant citizenship
  • To approve state budgets
  • To supervise local administrative organs (correct)

Who is responsible for receiving diplomatic representatives?

<p>The President (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the people’s courts composed of?

<p>President, vice president, and judges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the State Council?

<p>To submit proposals to the NPC or its Standing Committees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of the President concerning foreign affairs?

<p>To approve or repeal treaties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the National People's Congress?

<p>Implementation of regulations by government standing committees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a channel for people's supervision of the government?

<p>Foreign governments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the CPPCC in relation to the government?

<p>Carry out its proposals and suggestions for democratic supervision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function does the State Council fulfill?

<p>Publicizes information and allows media opinions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the petition system, what is the primary purpose of the State Bureau for Letters and Visits?

<p>To resolve individual complaints and grievances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights is guaranteed to citizens in the context of the internet's role in government supervision?

<p>Right to be informed and to participate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do opinion surveys and hearings play in the system of people’s supervision?

<p>They are adopted to strengthen people's supervision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the duties of the President of the PRC?

<p>To approve legislative bills from the National People's Congress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest organ of state power in China?

<p>National People's Congress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the system of elections in China?

<p>The deputies are generated by means of indirect election. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the State Council play in the governance of China?

<p>It directs and administers affairs of national economy, education, culture, and defense. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the judicial system in China?

<p>Judicial interpretation and legal supervision are state functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a principle underlying the leadership role of the Communist Party of China?

<p>Individual Party members are subordinate to the Party organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responsibility does the National People's Congress NOT hold?

<p>Conducting local elections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is not associated with the role of the President of China?

<p>Making judicial interpretations independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the principle of democratic centralism, which group is subordinate to the whole?

<p>Minority organizations within the Party. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

President of PRC

The head of state, elected by the National People's Congress (NPC).

State Council

The executive body of the PRC, responsible for day-to-day government operations.

Premier

Leader of the State Council, similar to a Prime Minister, responsible for many duties.

National People's Congress (NPC)

Highest organ of state power in the PRC, responsible for electing the President and Vice President.

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President's Responsibilities (Internal Affairs)

Promulgating laws, appointing officials, awarding honors, issuing pardons, declaring emergencies, and declaring war.

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President's Responsibilities (Foreign Affairs)

Receiving diplomats, appointing representatives abroad, and approving treaties.

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State Council Powers

Formulating rules, proposing laws, directing national affairs, and supervising ministries.

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Judicial Organs (People's Courts)

The courts throughout the country structured with a president and other leaders.

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People's Congresses Role

People's congresses at all levels oversee the implementation of regulations made by their standing committees and supervise administrative, judicial, and procuratorial organs.

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CPPCC's Influence

The CPPCC offers proposals and suggestions that the government must address and respond to. This is a form of democratic supervision.

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Social Organizations' Role

Social organizations contribute to government supervision by providing a platform for people to criticize, suggest, appeal, accuse, and report on state organs and officials.

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News Media's Power

The media is encouraged to openly discuss government actions, provide information to the public, and voice opinions on social issues. This promotes transparency and accountability.

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Opinion Surveys and Hearings

Public opinion surveys and hearings are employed to gather feedback from citizens and strengthen their oversight of government activities.

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Internet's Role in Supervision

The internet promotes transparency by providing news and information access, allowing citizens to express opinions, and guaranteeing their rights to be informed, participate, be heard, and supervise.

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Petition System & Letters/Visits

The petition system allows citizens to lodge complaints and grievances with the government, which are addressed by relevant administrative departments.

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State Bureau for Letters and Visits

This bureau handles complaints and grievances submitted by individuals in the PRC through the petition system.

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Democratic Centralism

A principle within the Communist Party of China where decisions are made by the majority, but the minority is subordinate to the majority, ensuring unified action. Individual members are also under the authority of the Party organization, and lower organizations are subject to higher-level organizations. The National Congress and the Central Committee ultimately have the most authority.

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Communist Party of China: Leadership Role

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the ruling political party in China. It holds significant control over the country's political and social system. The CPC implements decisions made by the Party Central Committee, ensuring adherence from local levels up to the national level.

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CPC: Founding and Membership

The CPC was founded in 1921, becoming the largest political party in the world. It has a vast network of members across China, working to implement the Party's policies right down to the most local levels.

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Four 'Subordinates' of Democratic Centralism

These are the core tenets of democratic centralism: 1) Individual Party members are subordinate to the Party organization. 2) The minority is subordinate to the majority. 3) Lower Party organizations are subordinate to higher Party organizations. 4) The National Congress and the Central Committee ultimately have the most authority.

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Who is the 'Highest Organ' of State Power?

The National People's Congress (NPC), composed of elected deputies, holds the highest power in the state. It has the responsibility to elect the President and Vice President of the country. Its decisions are final and binding on all branches of government.

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Who is responsible for 'National Affairs'?

The State Council, led by the Premier, takes on the day-to-day operations of the government. It creates rules, proposes laws, and directs national affairs, overseeing various ministries responsible for different sectors.

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Who 'Receives Diplomats'?

The President of the PRC is responsible for receiving diplomatic representatives from other countries. This role is crucial for maintaining international relations and fostering good ties with other nations.

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What is the 'State Organ for Legal Supervision'?

This role is filled by the People's Procuratorates, which oversee the implementation of laws and regulations. They investigate and prosecute crimes, acting as a system of oversight for the legal system.

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Study Notes

Chinese Political System Overview

  • The Chinese political system is characterized by a single-party state under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
  • Key organs of the state include the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, the State Council, the People's courts, the People's procuratorate, and the CPPCC.
  • The CCP plays a central role in policy-making, administration, and the functioning of other state bodies.

National People's Congress (NPC)

  • Highest organ of state power, first convened in 1954
  • Holds a national session annually
  • Consists of 2980 deputies with 5-year terms
  • Composition includes members from different provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and the military. Their number depends on the population ratio of each region.

President

  • Nominal head of state
  • Elected by the NPC
  • Citizens of the PRC, 45 years or older, and possessing voting rights, are eligible for election.
  • No term limit applies
  • Main duties: promulgate laws, appoint/dismiss officials (above ministerial level), state honours, special pardons, emergency declarations, war declarations. Also responsible for foreign affairs.

State Council

  • Executive body of the highest organ of state power
  • Composed of the Premier, Vice-Premiers, State Councillors, relevant Ministers, the Auditor-General, and the Secretary-General.
  • 5-year term limit, serving no more than two consecutive terms.
  • Formulates and issues administrative rules/regulations
  • Proposes/submits proposals to the NPC or Standing Committees
  • Directs affairs: defence, culture, education, economy, and administers foreign affairs.
  • Supervises ministries, relevant commissions, and local administrative bodies across different levels.

Judicial Organs

  • People's courts: composed of president, vice-president, chief judge, and associate judges.
  • President's term matches the people's congress duration. Supreme People's Court: highest judicial organ in China, located in Beijing.
  • Examines & approves death penalty cases
  • Brings to trial wrongly judged cases
  • Provides judicial interpretation to ensure unified law application
  • Local People's Courts accept first-instance cases and appeals from lower levels. They handle civil and minor criminal cases that don't require full court sessions.
  • The People's Procuatorates: state organs for legal supervision, are present across different local levels (including special procuratorates like the Military Procuratorate
  • Chief procurator's term is the same as the people's congress that created the procuratorate and has a term limit.
  • Prosecuutes actions violating state laws.

Communist Party of China (CPC)

  • Ruling party in China
  • Founded in 1921
  • Largest political party worldwide
  • Implements decisions through a hierarchical structure: Central Committee, Politburo, and Standing Committee
  • Decides major policy issues
  • The Party General Secretary is the General Secretary of the CCP, or the head of state/party-administration.
  • The Chinese government is run under the CCP Party's leadership. Many government bodies are run by individuals from the CPC.

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

  • Consultative body established by the CPC
  • Composed of individuals from various sectors and organisations
  • Focuses on political consultation and democratic supervision, offering input on state affairs.
  • Holds meetings annually before the NPC session
  • Does not have voting rights

Channels for People's Supervision of the Government

  • People's congresses
  • CPPCC
  • Social organizations
  • News media
  • Internet
  • Petition system

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