8 Questions
Match the following enzymes with their role in oxylipin biosynthesis:
LOX enzymes = Formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides or endoperoxides COX enzymes = Initiation of oxylipin biosynthesis by dioxygen-dependent oxidation Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase = Oxidize double bonds with epoxide formation or saturated carbons forming alcohols Heme-dependent fatty acid oxygenases = Involvement in oxylipin biosynthesis in plants and fungi
Match the following organisms with their production of oxylipins:
Plants = Production of oxylipins through lipoxygenases and heme-dependent fatty acid oxygenases Animals = Synthesis of oxylipins through lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases Fungi = Formation of oxylipins via lipoxygenases and heme-dependent fatty acid oxygenases Bacteria = Limited or no significant role in the production of oxylipins
Match the following processes with their contribution to oxylipin formation:
Dioxygenases = Initiate the biosynthesis of oxylipins through oxygen-dependent oxidation of fatty acids Monooxygenases = Oxidize double bonds with epoxide formation or saturated carbons forming alcohols in oxylipin biosynthesis Non-enzymatic autoxidative processes = Contribute to oxylipin formation by producing phytoprostanes and isoprostanes Enzymatic metabolism = Metabolize oxylipins into secondary products with strong biological activity
Match the following statements with the correct description of oxylipin storage and formation:
Oxylipins are not stored in tissues = Formed on demand by liberation of precursor fatty acids from esterified forms Oxylipins are stored in tissues = Readily available for immediate use upon demand Oxylipins are primarily synthesized in advance and stored = Stored in specialized organelles for rapid release when needed Oxylipins are synthesized and stored in the same cellular compartment = Stored in lipid droplets for long-term storage and utilization
Match the following oxylipins with their primary functions:
Leukotrienes B4 and C4 = Proinflammatory effects Resolvins and protectins = Antiinflammatory effects Linoleic acid oxylipins = Associated with atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived oxylipins = Anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects
Match the following cytochrome P450 enzymes with their functions:
CYP5A1 (thromboxane synthase) = Involved in smooth muscle regulation in vasculature and myometrium CYP8A1 (prostacyclin synthase) = Involved in smooth muscle regulation in vasculature and myometrium CYP74 family of hydroperoxide-metabolizing enzymes = Involved in control of ontogenesis, reproductive processes, and resistance to microbial pathogens C18 and C20 polyenoic fatty acids = Major precursors of oxylipins in plants and animals
Match the following statements with the correct information about oxylipins:
Plant oxylipins = Mainly involved in control of ontogenesis, reproductive processes, and resistance to microbial pathogens Animal oxylipins (eicosanoids) = Have potent and often opposing effects on smooth muscle and blood platelets Most oxylipins in the body = Derived from linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid Omega-6 fatty acid-derived oxylipins = More pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive, and proliferative than those derived from omega-3 fatty acids
Match the following clinical trial components with their effects:
3 grams daily of DHA compared with placebo (olive oil) given for 91 days = Nearly tripled the DHA in red blood cells while reducing oxylipins in those cells Both groups given Vitamin C (ascorbyl palmitate) and Vitamin E (mixed tocopherol) supplements = Given in the clinical trial of men with high triglycerides Lowering dietary linoleic acid = Results in fewer linoleic acid oxylipins in humans Centenarians = Have shown reduced levels of linoleic acid oxylipins in their blood circulation
Test your knowledge of oxylipins and their formation pathways with this informative quiz. Explore the roles of COX enzymes, LOX enzymes, and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase in the production of oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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