40 Questions
What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen is transported to the tissues?
Hemoglobin molecules combine with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
During ventilation, what happens to the intrapleural pressure?
It becomes more negative
What is the primary site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?
Alveoli
What is the direction of oxygen diffusion during internal respiration?
From the blood to the tissues
What is the role of the central nervous system in respiration?
To regulate the respiratory cycle
What is the primary stimulus that drives the breathing process?
Carbon dioxide levels in the blood
What is the term for the percentage of oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin?
SaO2
What is the result of decreased hemoglobin production, increased red blood cell destruction, and/or blood loss?
Anemia
What is the term for the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma?
Partial pressure of oxygen
What is the consequence of inhalation of toxic substances on oxygen transport?
Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
What is the primary goal of oxygen therapy?
To prevent or relieve hypoxia
How does the delivery of supplemental oxygen impact FiO2?
It raises FiO2 above 21%
What is the effect of adding an additional liter of oxygen to a nasal cannula or simple face mask?
It increases FiO2 by 3-4%
What is the primary benefit of oxygen therapy for patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases?
It offers many benefits to patients
What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
21%
Why should patients with COPD not receive high levels of oxygen therapy?
It can remove a COPD patient's hypoxic respiratory drive
What is the purpose of placing an 'Oxygen in Use' sign on the patient's door?
To promote oxygen safety and alert others
What is the benefit of home oxygen therapy for patients with COPD?
It improves exercise tolerance and reduces fatigue
What is the consequence of increasing supplemental oxygen for COPD patients?
Hypoventilation
What is the concern with using oxygen at home that requires a sign on the door of the house?
Fire hazard
What is the primary consequence of decreased chest wall movement?
Decreased oxygenation
What is the effect of upper or lower airway obstruction on oxygenation?
Decreases FiO2
How does the body adapt to low oxygen levels?
By increasing the rate and depth of respiration
What is the consequence of chronic lung disease on oxygenation?
Decreased oxygenation
What is the characteristic of the chest wall in emphysema?
Increased anteroposterior diameter
What is the consequence of severe and prolonged hypoxia?
Cardiac arrest
What is the effect of diaphragmatic flattening on oxygenation?
Decreased oxygenation
What is the result of air trapping in the lungs?
Decreased oxygenation
What is the risk factor for hypoxemia?
Pulmonary diseases
What is the consequence of hypoxemia on the patient?
Increased work of breathing
What is the result of tissue metabolism becoming anaerobic due to lack of oxygen delivery?
Metabolic acidosis
What occurs within 4 to 6 minutes when oxygen is not delivered to tissues?
Permanent heart, brain, and other tissue damage
What is the goal of ventilation in terms of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2)?
To produce PaCO2 between 35 and 45 mm Hg
What does hypoxemia refer to?
Decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen
What happens when alveolar ventilation decreases?
Hypoventilation occurs
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, including obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
What is the process of moving oxygenated blood to the tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Perfusion
What is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
What is the process responsible for moving respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients?
Diffusion
What is the process of delivering oxygen to the body's tissues and cells?
Oxygenation
Test your knowledge on the respiratory system's primary function of gas exchange, including the process of obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Explore the pathway of air through the respiratory tract, from the upper airways to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
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