Oxygen Administration and Delivery Systems

A device for oxygen delivery, consisting of a tube with prongs inserted into the nostrils. Flow rates range from 1 to 6 L/min, delivering 24% to 44% FiO2.

Fraction of inspired oxygen; the percentage of oxygen in the air inhaled.

Extra oxygen provided to a patient to improve oxygenation.

Oxygen delivery method where oxygen concentration varies based on the patient's breathing pattern.

The percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen.

A device that covers the nose and mouth, delivering 40% to 60% oxygen at 5 to 8 L/min flow rate.

5 L/min is the minimum flow rate required for a face mask to ensure adequate CO2 removal.

Flow rates below 5 L/min can lead to rebreathing of carbon dioxide, which can harm the patient.

Face masks can be poorly tolerated by patients with anxiety or claustrophobia.

The face mask can make eating, drinking, and talking difficult.

A type of oxygen delivery mask with a reservoir bag that allows the patient to rebreathe up to one-third of their exhaled air, mixed with room air. It delivers 40% to 60% FiO2 at flow rates of 6 to 11 L/min.

The reservoir bag allows for a higher FiO2 compared to a simple face mask, as the patient rebreaths some of their own oxygen-rich exhaled air.

If the reservoir bag fully deflates during inspiration, carbon dioxide can build up in the breathing circuit.

The FiO2 can fluctuate depending on the patient's breathing pattern, making it difficult to accurately control oxygen delivery.

Patients with anxiety or claustrophobia may find it difficult to tolerate wearing a mask.

A mask with a reservoir bag that delivers the highest possible oxygen concentration (80-95%) with flow rates of 10-15 L/min. It has a one-way valve and exhalation ports to prevent rebreathing room air.

Delivers the highest oxygen concentration possible, except for intubation.

Can be poorly tolerated by clients with anxiety or claustrophobia, and impairs eating, drinking, and talking. Use with caution for clients with a high risk of aspiration or airway obstruction.

The one-way valve and exhalation ports on the mask must be functional for each breath. Ensure they are not stuck and the flaps are intact.

Hourly assessment of the valve and flap, proper fit to ensure a secure seal, and skin breakdown. Ensure the client uses a nasal cannula during meals.

A mask that delivers precise oxygen concentrations (24% to 50%) by mixing oxygen with air. It's ideal for chronic lung disease patients.

Provides precise oxygen concentration without intubation, doesn't require humidification, and is suitable for chronic lung disease.

Expensive and requires careful monitoring of the flow rate.

Ensure accurate flow rate, check for kinks in tubing, monitor for skin breakdown, and use nasal cannula during meals.

Clients with chronic lung disease who need a precise oxygen concentration without needing a breathing tube.

Useful for clients who cannot tolerate face masks, have facial trauma, burns, or thick secretions.

Requires high humidification, which needs frequent monitoring.

Used for clients with tracheostomies, laryngectomies, or endotracheal tubes (ET).

Requires high humidification, which needs frequent monitoring.

Ensure exhalation port is open, T-piece doesn't pull on the airway, and mist is visible during breathing.

An inadequate level of oxygen in the blood.

A decrease in tissue oxygenation.

Tachypnea, tachycardia, restlessness, pale skin, elevated blood pressure, respiratory distress.

Confusion, stupor, cyanotic skin, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias.

Hypoxemia can be caused by hypovolemia, hypoventilation, and interruption of arterial flow.

A position where the head of the bed is raised 30-45 degrees, helping to improve breathing and chest expansion.

High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

A device used after surgery or illness to help patients take deep breaths, preventing pneumonia.

Gradually adjusting the amount of oxygen given to a patient to reach the desired blood oxygen level.

Placing a client in Fowler's or semi-Fowler's position to maximize ventilation and ease breathing.

Encouraging and assisting clients to take deep, slow breaths to improve lung function and oxygen intake.

Providing supplemental oxygen to clients with respiratory distress, based on their needs and medical orders.

Helping clients clear their airways through coughing and, if necessary, suctioning to remove secretions and maintain breathing.

Providing reassurance and comfort to clients experiencing respiratory distress to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

Damage caused by high concentrations of oxygen, typically above 50%, long durations of oxygen therapy, and underlying lung disease.

Symptoms include nonproductive cough, chest pain, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, sore throat, and decreased breathing.

Use the lowest oxygen level needed, monitor blood gases, and consult the doctor if levels are abnormal.

Continuous or Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure can help reduce oxygen requirements by keeping the airways open.

Used during mechanical ventilation to keep the airways open and reduce oxygen needs.

A dangerous condition that can occur in patients with COPD and chronic low blood oxygen levels, where giving them oxygen actually worsens their breathing.

Patients with COPD often have chronically low blood oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels. Giving them too much oxygen can cause their breathing to slow down, making the CO2 buildup worse.

Look for signs like slower breathing, decreased alertness, and lower blood oxygen levels (despite giving oxygen).

Immediately lower the oxygen flow rate, monitor their breathing closely, and inform the doctor. They may need different interventions.

A special mask that delivers precise oxygen levels, which can be helpful for COPD patients who need controlled oxygen.

Oxygen is highly flammable and can easily ignite a fire, especially when combined with combustible materials like fabric or paper.

Smoking is extremely dangerous when using oxygen, as the heat from the cigarette can easily ignite the oxygen, causing a fire.

Ensure all electrical devices are in good working condition and properly grounded to prevent sparks that could ignite oxygen.

Clients receiving oxygen should wear cotton gowns, as synthetic or wool fabrics can generate static electricity, which could cause a spark and ignite the oxygen.

Never use flammable materials like alcohol or acetone near clients receiving oxygen, as they can easily ignite a fire.