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In biochemistry, what are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
In biochemistry, what are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are highly reactive chemicals derived from oxygen and nitrogen species. They have a two-fold job as beneficial and toxic compounds to the living system, and their accumulation leads to oxidative and nitrosative stress.
How are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species classified?
How are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species classified?
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are collectively classified into radicals and non-radicals.
What are radicals in terms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
What are radicals in terms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species?
Radicals are the species which contain one unpaired electron in the shells around the atomic nucleus and are capable of independent existence.
What are the learning outcomes of the lecture on oxidative stress/antioxidants?
What are the learning outcomes of the lecture on oxidative stress/antioxidants?
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Name four references related to the study of biochemistry and oxidative stress/antioxidants.
Name four references related to the study of biochemistry and oxidative stress/antioxidants.
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Study Notes
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS)
- RONS are highly reactive molecules derived from oxygen and nitrogen.
- They play a crucial role in cellular signaling and homeostasis.
- However, an imbalance in RONS production and detoxification can lead to oxidative stress, damaging cells and contributing to various diseases.
Classification of RONS
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Include molecules such as superoxide radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (.OH)
- Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS): Include molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Radicals in RONS
- A radical is an atom or molecule with an unpaired electron, making it highly reactive.
- Many RONS, such as superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical, are radicals.
- Radicals contribute to oxidative stress by readily reacting with other molecules, causing damage.
Learning Outcomes
- Understanding the nature and role of RONS in cellular processes.
- Recognizing the importance of oxidative stress and its implications for health.
- Knowing the mechanisms of antioxidant defense systems.
- Identifying potential therapeutic targets for mitigating oxidative stress.
References
- "Biochemistry" by Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer
- "Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses" by Halliwell and Gutteridge
- "Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine" by Packer and Cadenas
- "Antioxidants in Human Health" by Aruoma
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Description
Test your knowledge on oxidative stress, free radicals, and antioxidants in biochemistry with this interactive quiz. Explore the role of free radicals in physiological and pathological conditions, as well as different types of antioxidants.
