Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

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Questions and Answers

In oxidation process:

  • Oxidation number decreases
  • Number of ions decreases
  • Oxygen content decreases
  • Number of electron decrease (correct)

Which of the following is the most powerful oxidising agent?

  • I2
  • O2
  • F2 (correct)
  • Br2

In which of the following reactions, H₂O₂ acts as a reducing agent?

  • Mn2+ + H₂O₂→Mn4+ + 2OH
  • 2Fe + H₂O₂→ 2Fe3+ + 2OH
  • HOCl+ H₂O₂→H₂O + Cl- +O₂ (correct)
  • PbS(s) + 4H2O₂(aq) → PbSO₄ (s) +4H₂O(l)

In the reaction, Ag₂O + H₂O₂ → 2Ag + H₂O + O₂, H₂O₂ ACT AS:

<p>Reducing agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Cu²⁺ + Ag → Cu + Ag⁺, oxidation half-reaction is:

<p>Ag→ Ag+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In one of the following reactions, HNO₃ does not behave as an oxidising agent, identify it:

<p>2HNO3 + P2O3 → 2HPO3 + N2O5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equivalent weight of MnSO₄ is equal to its molecular weight when it is converted to:

<p>Mn2O3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions, the underlined substance has been oxidised?

<p>Cl₂ + 2KI → 2KCl + I2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which changes requires an oxidising agent?

<p>2S₂O₃²⁻→SO₆²⁻ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules can act as an oxidising as well as reducing agent?

<p>H₂O₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a redox reaction?

<p>2CuSO4 + 4KI → Cu₂l₂ + 2K₂SO₄ + 1₂ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to classical concept, oxidation involves

<p>All of these (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volume of 0.1 N oxalic acid solution can be reduced by 250 g of an 8 percent by weight KMnO₄ solution?

<p>6.3 litre (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction, N₂ → NH₃. The eq. wt. of N₂ and NH₃ are respectively equal to:

<p>28/3, 17/3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 0.518 g sample of lime stone is dissolved in HCl and then the calcium is precipitated as CaC₂O₄. After filtering and washing the precipitate, it requires 40.0 mL of 0.250 N KMnO₄ solution acidified with H₂SO₄ to titrate it as, MnO₂⁻+H⁺ + C₂O₄⁻→ Mn²⁺ + CO₂ + 2H₂O. The percentage of CaO in the sample is:

<p>27.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the following change, 3Fe + 4H₂O→ Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂. If the atomic weight of iron is 56, then its equivalent weight will be:

<p>42 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation number and covalency of sulphur in sulphur molecules (S₈) are:

<p>0 and 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation number of N in HNO₃ is:

<p>+5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following compounds, iron has an oxidation number of +3?

<p>FeCl3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation states of Pin HP₂O₃, H₄P₂O₆, HP₂O₇, respectively are:

<p>+3,+4,+5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the oxidation number of carbonyl carbon in methanal and methanoic acid respectively:

<p>0 and 0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation number of cobalt in K[Co(CO)₄ ] is:

<p>-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation number of iodine in 10₅⁻,I0₃⁻, KI and I₂ respectively are:

<p>+5,+7,-1,0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When sulphur dioxide is passed in an acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ solution, the oxidation state of sulphur is changed from:

<ul> <li>4 to +6 (C)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Of the following other electronic configurations of atoms, the highest oxidation state is achieved by which one of them?

<p>(n - 1) d³ ns2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of P in Ba (H₂PO₂)₂?

<p>+1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a manganous salt is fused with the mixture of KNO3 and the solid NaOH, the oxidation number of Mn changes from +2 to:

<p>+6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In acidic medium, H₂O₂ changes Cr₂O₇²⁻ to CrO₅ which has two (-O-O-) bonds. Oxidation state of Cr in CrO₅ is:

<p>+6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mixture of potassium chlorate, oxalic acid and sulphuric acid is heated. During the reaction which element undergoes maximum change in oxidation number?

<p>Cl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following have been arranged in the decreasing order of oxidation number of sulphur?

<p>H₂SO₄ &gt; H2SO3 &gt; SCI₂ &gt; H₂S (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation states of S-atoms in S₄O₆²⁻ form left to right respectively are:

<p>+5, 0, 0, + 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the conversion of Br₂ to BrO₃⁻, the oxidation number of Br changes from:

<p>0 to +5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation number of the sulphur atoms in peroxomono- sulphuric acid H₂SO₅ and peroxodisulphuric (H₂S₂O₈) respectively, are:

<ul> <li>6 and +6 (A)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

The average oxidation number of Fe in Fe₃O₄ is:

<p>8/3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of aqueous KMnO₄ with H₂O₂ in acidic condition gives:

<p>Mn2+ and O₂ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon is in lowest oxidation state:

<p>CH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation state of phosphorus in pyrophosphoric acid is:

<p>+5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation state of nitrogen is correctly given for:

<p>Mg3N2, Oxidation state - 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation number of 'N' in N₃H (hydrazoic acid) is:

<p>-1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation state of hydrogen in CaH, is-

<p>-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation number of P is + 3 in-

<p>H3PO3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction, 3Br₂+6CO₃ + 3H₂O → 5Br⁻ + BrO₃⁻+ 6HCO₃⁻ :

<p>Bromine is oxidised as well as reduced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

<p>CaCO3 → CaO + CO₂ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of following is not a redox change?

<p>BaO2 + H₂SO₄ → BaSO4 + H2O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following halogens always shows only one oxidation state in compounds?

<p>F (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound in which oxidation state of metal is zero-

<p>All the above (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reaction, H2O + C → CO + H₂.

<p>H₂O is the oxidising agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation number of chlorine in HOCl is-

<ul> <li>1 (A)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Which one can act as oxidising & reducing agent both?

<p>All (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound can not be used as oxidising agent?

<p>NH3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oxidation

Increase in oxidation number or loss of electrons.

Reduction

Decrease in oxidation number or gain of electrons.

Oxidizing Agent

Substance that accepts electrons, causing oxidation.

Reducing Agent

Substance that donates electrons, enabling reduction

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Algebraic Sum

The sum of oxidation numbers in a compound.

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Redox Reactions

Reactions involving electron transfer.

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Equivalent Weight KHC2O4

The equivalent weight of KHC2O4 when its oxidised by MnO4 is the molar mass devided by how many electrons are transferred.

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Disproportionation

When a substance is both oxidized and reduced

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Maximum Oxidation State

Maximum oxidation state = (n-1)d electrons + ns electrons

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Fluorine

Shows element only one oxidation state in compounds

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Sulphuric Acid

Hot concentrated acts moderately strong oxidising agent

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Disproportionation

Is the reaction in which the same substance is oxidized and reduced?

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H2O2

Which of the molecules can act as an oxidising as well as reducing agent?

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Study Notes

  • Oxidation number increases and number of electrons decreases in oxidation process.
  • F₂ being most electronegative, is the most powerful oxidising agent with standard oxidation potential 2.87 V.

Reaction of HOCl and H₂O₂

  • In this reaction HOCI + H₂O₂ → H₂O + Cl⁻ + O₂, oxidation number of oxygen increases from -1 to 0.
  • H₂O₂ acts as reducing agent in this reaction.

Reaction of Ag₂O and H₂O₂

  • In the reaction Ag₂O + H₂O₂ → 2Ag + H₂O + O₂, oxidation number decreases in reduction.
  • Oxidation number of O in H₂O₂ increases, hence H₂O₂ acts as a reducing agent as it is undergoing oxidation.

Reduction

  • Cu⁺⁺ + Ag → Cu⁺⁺ + Ag⁺

Oxidation

  • Ag → Ag⁺
  • Oxidation half-reaction is Ag → Ag⁺.

Reaction

  • I₂ +10HNO₃ → 2HIO₃ +10NO₂ + 4H₂O
  • In this reaction, HNO₃ is acting as an oxidising agent because oxidising state of N decrease from + 5 to +4.
  • 3Cu+8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO + 4H₂O
  • It is a reaction in which HNO₃ is acting as an oxidising agent because oxidation number of nitrogen is decreasing.
  • 4Zn + 10HNO₃ → 4Zn(NO₃)₂ + NH₄NO₃ +3H₂O
  • In this reaction HNO₃ act as oxidising agent.
  • 2HNO₃ + P₂O₅ → 2HPO₃ + N₂O₅
  • HNO₃ does not act as an oxidising agent because P₂O₅ is a dehydrating agent, so there is no change in oxidation number of N.

Oxidation state of Mn

  • In MnSO₄, oxidation state of Mn = +2.
  • In Mn₂O₃, oxidation state of Mn = +3.
  • There is an increase of oxidation state by 1 when MnSO₄ changes to Mn₂O₃.
  • Equivalent weight = Molecular weight / Oxidation state

Oxidation in reactions

  • Oxidation is the addition of electronegative element or removal of electropositive element or increase in oxidation number.
  • Cl₂ + 2KI → 2KCl + I₂ : In this reaction, the underlined species is oxidised as it involve the removal of electropositive element, i.e., K⁺.
  • The reaction which involves oxidation, requires an oxidising agent S₂O₃⁻² → SO₄⁻²: S is undergoing oxidation.
  • Oxidation state of S changes from 2 to 2.5 and hence this reaction requires an oxidising agent.
  • The species in which an element has oxidation number lying in between its minimum and maximum values can act as oxidant and reductant both.

Oxidation States Table

  • Oxidation state of O in species H₂O₂: -1
  • Minimum oxidation state of O: -2
  • Maximum oxidation state of O: 0
  • Oxidation state of O in H₂O: -2

Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) can act oxidising as well as a reducing agent.
  • H₂O₂ as a reducing agent,Ag₂O + H₂O₂→ 2Ag + H₂O + O₂
  • H₂O₂ as an oxidising agent, PbS + 4H₂O₂ → PbSO₄ + 4H₂O

Balancing Equations

  • 2 CuSO₄ + 4KI → Cu₂I₂ +2 K₂SO₄ + I₂

Oxidizing agents

  • Meq. of oxalic acid = Meq. of KMnO₄

Equivalent nitrogen

  • 6e +(N⁰)₂ → 2N⁻³
  • E(N₂) = 28/6; E(NH₃) = 17/3

Reaction of lime

  • Meq. of lime stone = Meq. of CaCO₃ = Meq. of KMnO₄ =Meq. of CaO

Oxidation States

  • The oxidation number of an element is zero.
  • Therefore; its covalency is 2 as oxidation number of S in S₈ os zero.
  • Further in the S₈ molecule, each sulphur atom is connected to two other sulphur atoms, therefore covalency is 2.
  • Let the oxidation state of N in HNO₃ is ,+1 + x + (-2 × 3) = 0

Charges

  • NO₂, has a uni-negative charge In Fe (NO₂)₂, Fe has oxidation number + 2
  • C₂ O₄, has bi-negative charge In FeC₂O₄, Fe has oxidation number + 2 :
  • In FeCl₃, Fe has + 3 O. S. :In Mohr's salt also, Fe has +2 oxidation number.
  • Let the oxidation state of P in the given compounds be x.
  • H₃P₂O₇: 2x + 4 -10=0, or H₄P₂O₈:: 2x+4 -12=0
  • 2x = 6: or 2 x =8
  • x = +3, or x = +4

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