OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities 2021
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Questions and Answers

What is a major consequence of operational disruptions caused by vulnerabilities?

  • System downtime (correct)
  • Improved user engagement
  • Enhanced financial performance
  • Increased market share

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a mitigation strategy for vulnerabilities?

  • Data Encryption
  • Public Relations Campaigns (correct)
  • Regular Security Assessments
  • Strong Authentication/Authorization

    • How does the OWASP Top 10 assist organizations?

  • By providing a framework for project management
  • By eliminating all potential risks
  • By prioritizing security resources on critical issues (correct)
  • By promoting product marketing strategies

    • What is the primary benefit of using up-to-date software in vulnerability management?

    <p>It patches known vulnerabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of training is essential for developers and operations teams regarding vulnerabilities?

    <p>Security Awareness Training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the OWASP Top 10 list?

    <p>To raise awareness about web application security risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a vulnerability?

    <p>A weakness in a system that can be exploited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vulnerability category involves unauthorized access due to ineffective mechanisms?

    <p>Broken Access Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vulnerability involves injecting malicious scripts to manipulate user performance?

    <p>Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with using components with known vulnerabilities?

    <p>Exposure to threats that can exploit known weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'insufficient logging & monitoring'?

    <p>A lack of effective measures to detect and respond to attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of injection vulnerability?

    <p>Access Control injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'security misconfiguration' often involve?

    <p>Using default accounts and outdated software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • The OWASP Top 10 is a widely recognized and influential list of the most critical web application security risks.
    • It is maintained by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP).
    • The list is regularly updated to reflect current threat landscape trends and emerging vulnerabilities.
    • The goal is to raise awareness and provide actionable guidance to developers and security practitioners.

    Key Concepts

    • Risk: The likelihood of a threat exploiting a vulnerability, weighted by its potential impact.
    • Vulnerability: A weakness in a system that allows an attacker to compromise it.
    • Exploit: A set of techniques used to breach a vulnerability.
    • Impact: The negative outcome of a successful attack.
    • Mitigation: Steps to neutralize the vulnerability and prevent exploitation.

    2021 OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities Overview

    • The 2021 OWASP Top 10 encompasses ten widely prevalent web application vulnerabilities.
    • It categorizes vulnerabilities into distinct categories based on their shared characteristics.
    • Each vulnerability includes information about their prevalence, potential impacts, and corresponding mitigation strategies.

    Specific Vulnerabilities in the 2021 List

    • Injection: Commonly exploiting vulnerabilities including SQL injection, command injection, and OS command injection.
    • Broken Authentication: Compromises weak or bypassed authentication mechanisms enabling unauthorized access to accounts.
    • Sensitive Data Exposure: Lack of adequate protection for sensitive data like passwords and credit cards.
    • XML External Entities (XXE): Exploiting vulnerabilities in XML processing.
    • Broken Access Control: Vulnerabilities in access control mechanisms, providing unauthorized access to system or resources.
    • Security Misconfiguration: Improper configuration, including default accounts and outdated software.
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Enables attackers to inject malicious scripts to impact the user experience or gain unauthorized access.
    • Insecure Deserialization: Exploiting vulnerabilities in deserializing serialized objects from untrusted sources.
    • Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities: Employing open-source or third-party components with known vulnerabilities; a significant risk due to the reliance on external components.
    • Insufficient Logging & Monitoring: Lack of effective logging and monitoring hinders the ability to detect, respond to, and prevent attacks.

    Impact of Vulnerabilities

    • Financial Losses: Direct financial damage from fraudulent transactions and data breaches.
    • Reputational Damage: Loss of customer trust and negative publicity, impacting a company's image and market value.
    • Operational Disruptions: System downtime and difficulty restoring normal operations, leading to lost productivity and revenue.
    • Legal Penalties: Fines or legal action related to data breaches, potentially causing significant financial and reputational harm.

    Mitigation Strategies

    • Input Validation: Thoroughly validating inputs from external sources to prevent attacks.
    • Secure Coding Practices: Following secure coding guidelines and best practices during development ensures fewer vulnerabilities in the code.
    • Regular Security Assessments: Identifying and mitigating potential weaknesses through testing and scans.
    • Proper Configuration: Implementing appropriate security configurations for web applications and infrastructure.
    • Strong Authentication/Authorization: Implementing secure and robust methods for authenticating and authorizing users.
    • Using Up-to-Date Software: Updating frameworks, libraries, and web application software to patch known vulnerabilities; crucial to minimizing security risks.
    • Data Encryption: Encrypting sensitive data in transit and at rest.
    • Vulnerability Scanning/Penetration Testing: Regularly assessing applications against known vulnerabilities.
    • Security Awareness Training: Education for developers, operations teams, and personnel about security best practices, preventing attacks by promoting awareness amongst personnel.

    Importance of the OWASP Top 10

    • Risk Prioritization: Helps focus security resources on the most critical issues.
    • Improved Security: Encourages secure application development and deployment, reducing risks considerably.
    • Compliance: Assists in meeting regulatory requirements concerning web application security, avoiding penalties.
    • Industry Best Practices: Promotes a wider understanding of best practices for securing web applications, setting a standard across the industry.
    • Reduced Costs: Proactive efforts to mitigate vulnerabilities can yield cost savings in the long run, preventing costly incidents.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the 2021 OWASP Top 10 web application security risks. It covers key concepts such as risk, vulnerability, exploit, impact, and mitigation. Understand the critical vulnerabilities and how to protect against them.

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