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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the integument in the ovule?
What is the primary function of the integument in the ovule?
The micropyle is responsible for providing nutrition to the ovule.
The micropyle is responsible for providing nutrition to the ovule.
False
What does the term 'nucellus' refer to in the context of the ovule?
What does the term 'nucellus' refer to in the context of the ovule?
Perisperm
The _______ sac is also known as the megaspore and develops into the embryo.
The _______ sac is also known as the megaspore and develops into the embryo.
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Match the following parts of the ovule with their functions:
Match the following parts of the ovule with their functions:
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What is produced when one sperm unites with the egg cell during double fertilization?
What is produced when one sperm unites with the egg cell during double fertilization?
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The endosperm is a diploid tissue formed during double fertilization.
The endosperm is a diploid tissue formed during double fertilization.
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Name the two main outcomes of double fertilization in plants.
Name the two main outcomes of double fertilization in plants.
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During double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes the egg cell to form a ______ and another sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the ______.
During double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes the egg cell to form a ______ and another sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the ______.
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Match the following terms related to double fertilization with their descriptions:
Match the following terms related to double fertilization with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Ovule Structure
- The mature ovule is a complex structure with several key components.
- The integument, or coat of the ovule, develops into the testa, which protects the developing seed.
- The micropyle is an opening in the integument that allows the pollen tube to enter and deliver the sperm.
- The nucellus, also called the perisperm, is a nutritive tissue that provides sustenance for the developing embryo.
- The endosperm is another nutritive tissue that is formed during double fertilization. It provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
- The embryo sac, or megaspore, contains the egg cell, which will eventually be fertilized to form the embryo.
Double Fertilization
- Double fertilization is a unique process that occurs in flowering plants.
- It involves the fusion of two sperm with two different cells in the embryo sac.
- One sperm unites with the egg cell to form the zygote, which will develop into the embryo.
- The other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei in the central cell, resulting in the formation of the triploid endosperm.
Plant Embryo Development
- After double fertilization, the ovule undergoes significant changes.
- The zygote divides and differentiates, eventually developing into a mature embryo.
- The radicle, the first part of the embryo to emerge, grows downwards and develops into the root.
- The cotyledons, the first leaves, grow upwards.
- The endosperm provides nutrients to the developing embryo until it can produce its own food.
- The integuments of the ovule thicken and harden to form the testa, which protects the seed.
Seed Formation and Seedling Development
- The ovule develops into the seed, containing the embryo and the endosperm.
- The ovary, which surrounds the ovule, develops into the fruit, which protects and disperses the seed.
- The seed germinates when conditions are favorable, the radicle emerges, followed by the cotyledons.
- The seedling's first leaves will emerge after the cotyledons have depleted their nutrients.
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Description
Explore the intricate components of the mature ovule and the unique process of double fertilization in flowering plants. Discover how structures like the integument and embryo sac play crucial roles in the development of seeds and embryos. Test your understanding of plant reproductive biology with this quiz.
