Overview of the Periodic Table

Study Notes

Atomic Number represents the total number of protons within an element's atomic nucleus, determining its identity.
Symbol provides a shorthand notation for each element, using one or two letters.
Name denotes the commonly used name of the element, giving it recognition in scientific and public spheres.
Atomic Weight is the average mass of an atom, factoring in isotopic distribution and abundance.
Electrons per shell indicates how many electrons are arranged in the electron shells around the nucleus, impacting chemical properties.

Elements are organized into groups (columns) and periods (rows), reflecting similar chemical properties and electron configurations.
Each group follows a specific classification, such as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Group 1 (IA): Alkali metals (e.g., Lithium, Sodium).
Group 2 (IIA): Alkaline earth metals (e.g., Beryllium, Calcium).
Groups 3-12: Transition metals (varying properties; include Iron, Copper, Gold).
Groups 13-18: Varied elements including post-transition metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and noble gases (e.g., Carbon, Oxygen, Neon).

Period 1: Contains Hydrogen and Helium, the lightest and simplest elements.
Period 2 & 3: Feature key nonmetals and transition metals, including Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sodium, and Magnesium.
Period 4-7: Include heavier metals and explore the actinides (e.g., Uranium) and lanthanides (e.g., Cerium).

Comprise 15 elements from Lanthanum (La) to Lutetium (Lu).
Typically used for high-performance materials, catalysts, and phosphors in lighting.

Consist of 15 elements from Actinium (Ac) to Lawrencium (Lr).
Notable for containing radioactive elements, primarily used in nuclear applications and research.