Overview of the Lymphatic System
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Questions and Answers

What is the lymphatic system's primary function?

The lymphatic system's primary function is to drain excess fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream, as well as play a role in the immune system.

What is lymph?

Lymph is the excess tissue fluid that enters the lymph capillaries.

Lymph is usually clear fluid similar to plasma.

True

Lymph from the intestine is clear fluid.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lymph carry?

<p>Lymph carries leaked plasma proteins, fat droplets, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and particles like cell debris and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph capillaries are similar to blood capillaries. But they differ in what important way?

<p>They begin in the intercellular spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are lymph capillaries more permeable than blood capillaries?

<p>They are more permeable because they are open from one side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lymph capillaries contain?

<p>Valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flow in lymph vessels is linear, uninterrupted flow.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lymph vessels resemble?

<p>Small veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph vessels have numerous valves that only allow unidirectional flow.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature gives lymph vessels a beaded appearance?

<p>The presence of valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small lymph vessels converge to form 6 lymph trunks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph trunks end in 2 collecting ducts.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do collecting ducts open into?

<p>The angle between the subclavian and internal jugular veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lymphatic duct that drains the upper right quadrant of the body?

<p>Right lymphatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest lymphatic duct?

<p>The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic duct in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the thoracic duct drain?

<p>Drains the entire body EXCEPT the right side of the head, neck, and upper limb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the thoracic duct begin?

<p>The cisterna chyli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 major lymph trunks?

<p>Jugular trunk, subclavian trunk, broncho-mediastinal trunk, intercostal trunk, intestinal trunk, lumbar trunk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The jugular trunk drains what area of the body?

<p>The head and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the subclavian trunk drain?

<p>The upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the broncho-mediastinal trunk drain?

<p>The thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intercostal trunk drains what part of the body?

<p>The thoracic wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intestinal trunk drain?

<p>The intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of the body does the lumbar trunk drain?

<p>The lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 factors responsible for lymph flow?

<p>Filtration pressure, valves, contraction of smooth muscles in the wall of vessels, contraction of surrounding muscles, pulsation of surrounding arteries, negative intrathoracic pressure caused by respiratory movements, and negative pressure in brachiocephalic veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph is only filtered in lymph nodes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

<p>The functions of lymph nodes are filtration of lymph, activation of lymphocytes, and immunological responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphatic tissue is only found in lymph nodes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main classifications of lymphatic tissues?

<p>Primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are classified as primary lymphoid organs?

<p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are classified as secondary lymphoid organs?

<p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph nodes are usually bean-shaped.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lymph nodes are found in the human body?

<p>Approximately 450</p> Signup and view all the answers

Every lymph vessel must pass through at least one lymph node.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are lymph nodes typically found?

<p>Around arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph nodes are vital to the immune system because they remove cellular debris and initiate immune responses.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lymphatic system is a closed system.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peyer's patches are an example of MALT.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of MALT?

<p>Thymus gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphatic nodules are circumscribed lymphatic tissue.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphatic nodules are generally found in the linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lacteals?

<p>Lacteals are lymph capillaries found in the intestinal villi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lacteals are responsible for carrying the milky chyle.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lymphatic System Overview

  • The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, tissues, and organs that help maintain fluid balance and fight infection.
  • Each organ receives blood supply, innervation, and drainage via lymphatic system.
  • Lymph is the excess tissue fluid that enters the lymph capillaries.

Lymph

  • About 30 liters of fluid are filtered every 24 hours into interstitial space, 26-28 liters are reabsorbed at the venous end.
  • The remaining 2-4 liters (10-15%) are drained by lymphatic capillaries.
  • Lymph is a clear fluid similar to plasma.
  • Lymph from the intestine is milky white (chyle) due to absorbed fat droplets.
  • Lymph carries leaked plasma proteins, fat droplets, lymphocytes and plasma cells, debris and bacteria.

Lymph Capillaries

  • Lymph capillaries are similar to blood capillaries but differ in their structure.
  • Blind-ended, begin in the intercellular spaces.
  • Wider lumen than blood capillaries.
  • More permeable than blood capillaries.
  • They contain valves.

Lymph Vessels

  • Lymph vessels are thin-walled, resembling small veins.
  • They have numerous valves (closer intervals than that of veins) which allow one-directional flow.
  • The flow is interrupted by lymph nodes.
  • Lymph vessels can be superficial or deep.

Lymph Trunks

  • Small lymph vessels converge to form six lymph trunks.

  • The lymph trunks end in two collecting ducts.

  • The collecting ducts open into the angle between subclavian and internal jugular veins.

  • Six lymph trunks drain various parts of the body.

  • Jugular Trunk: Drains the head and neck

  • Subclavian Trunk: Drains the upper limbs

  • Bronchomediastinal Trunk: Drains the thoracic cavity

  • Intercostal Trunk: Drains the thoracic wall

  • Intestinal Trunk: Drains the intestines

  • Lumbar Trunk: Drains the lower limbs

Lymph Ducts

  • Thoracic Duct:
    • Starts at the cisterna chyli.
    • 45cm long.
    • Drains most of the body except upper right quadrant.
    • Empties into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
  • Right Lymphatic Duct:
    • Drains the right upper quadrant of the body
    • Drains the right upper limb and head & neck;
    • Empties into the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins

Lymph Flow Factors

  • Filtration (hydrostatic pressure) facilitates lymph flow.
  • Valves ensure unidirectional flow.
  • Smooth muscle contractions in vessel walls push lymph.
  • Contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles propel lymph.
  • Pulsations of nearby arteries assist in lymph movement and propel lymphatic flow.
  • Negative intrathoracic pressure helps drain lymph into the venous system.
  • Negative pressure in brachiocephalic veins contributes to lymph flow.

Lymphatic Tissues

  • Lymphatic tissue framework is made up of reticular fibers, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
  • Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) is found in areas exposed to the external environment.
  • Examples of MALT include Peyer's patches, tonsils (palatine, pharyngeal, lingual), etc..
  • Lymphatic nodules are circumscribed lymphatic tissue found in mucosa.

Lymphoid Organs

  • Lymphoid organs contain encapsulated lymphatic tissues.
  • Primary Lymphoid Organs: Bone marrow and thymus gland produce lymphocytes.
  • Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph nodes and the spleen activate lymphocytes and initiate the immune response.

Lymph Nodes

  • Oval or bean-shaped, 0.1-2.5 cm in length
  • Approximately 450 lymph nodes in the body, distributed in various clusters (cervical, axillary, mediastinal, aortic, iliac and inguinal).
  • Lymph vessels pass through lymph nodes which filter lymph.
  • Essential for immune response, filtering lymph, and activating lymphocytes.

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Description

This quiz offers a comprehensive overview of the lymphatic system, including its structure and function. Learn about lymph, lymph capillaries, and the importance of this system in maintaining fluid balance and fighting infections. Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the lymphatic system.

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