Overview of Tamil Literature

Study Notes

Tamil Literature

Definition: Tamil literature refers to the body of literary works written in the Tamil language, one of the oldest languages in the world.
Historical Background:
- Originates from ancient Tamil Nadu and parts of Sri Lanka.
- Rich literary tradition spans over 2,000 years.
- The earliest works date back to the Sangam period (approximately 300 BCE - 300 CE).
Sangam Literature:
- Comprises poems and songs by various poets, known as 'Sangam poets'.
- Divided into three categories:
  1. Eelam (heroic poetry)
  2. Akam (subjective poetry, focuses on love and emotions)
  3. Puram (objective poetry, focuses on valor and ethics)
- Notable texts include the "Thirukkural" by Thiruvalluvar and "Silappathikaram" by Ilango Adigal.
Medieval Tamil Literature:
- Development of devotional literature (bhakti) during the medieval period.
- Renowned poets include Aandal, Manikkavacakar, and Alvars.
- Focused on themes of devotion to Hindu deities.
Modern Tamil Literature:
- Emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries with the influence of social reform movements.
- Key figures include:
  - Subramania Bharati: A poet and nationalist.
  - Thi. Janakiraman: Known for his novels.
- Genres expanded to include novels, short stories, plays, and essays.
Contemporary Tamil Literature:
- Diverse in themes, including social issues, gender, and identity.
- Notable authors include Jeyamohan, Bama, and Sujatha.
- Significant contributions in the fields of poetry, fiction, and critique.
Key Themes:
- Love and relationships
- Nature and landscapes
- Social justice and equality
- Spirituality and philosophy
Recognition:
- Tamil literature is celebrated through various awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Tamil Nadu State Literary Awards.
- Tamil literary festivals and events promote the legacy and contemporary works.
Influence and Legacy:
- Tamil literature has a significant impact on Tamil culture and identity.
- Continues to inspire writers and scholars globally, contributing to the diaspora's cultural narratives.

Definition

Tamil literature encompasses literary works composed in the Tamil language, recognized as one of the oldest languages globally.

Historical Background

Originated in ancient Tamil Nadu and parts of Sri Lanka.
Boasts a rich literary heritage that extends over 2,000 years.
Earliest documented works emerge from the Sangam period (circa 300 BCE - 300 CE).

Sangam Literature

Composed of poetry and songs from various poets, collectively referred to as 'Sangam poets'.
Categorized into three primary forms:
- Eelam: Heroic poetry.
- Akam: Subjective poetry centered on love and emotions.
- Puram: Objective poetry focusing on valor and ethics.
Renowned texts include "Thirukkural" by Thiruvalluvar and "Silappathikaram" by Ilango Adigal.

Medieval Tamil Literature

Developed during the medieval period, emphasizing devotional literature (bhakti).
Key poets include Aandal, Manikkavacakar, and the Alvars.
Themes revolve around devotion to Hindu deities.

Modern Tamil Literature

Emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced by social reform movements.
Notable figures include:
- Subramania Bharati: A poet and nationalist figure.
- Thi.Janakiraman: Renowned for his novels.
Literary genres expanded to include novels, short stories, plays, and essays.

Contemporary Tamil Literature

Characterized by diverse themes such as social issues, gender, and identity.
Significant authors include Jeyamohan, Bama, and Sujatha.
Contributions span poetry, fiction, and critical works.

Key Themes

Explored themes include:
- Love and relationships.
- Nature and landscapes.
- Social justice and equality.
- Spirituality and philosophical inquiries.

Recognition

Tamil literature is honored with awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Tamil Nadu State Literary Awards.
Literary festivals and events celebrate the legacy and contemporary contributions of Tamil literature.

Influence and Legacy

Tamil literature plays a crucial role in shaping Tamil culture and identity.
Continues to motivate writers and scholars worldwide, contributing to cultural narratives within the Tamil diaspora.

Description

Explore the rich heritage of Tamil literature, which boasts a history spanning over 2,000 years. This quiz covers key elements including the Sangam literature period, significant poets, and notable works like the 'Thirukkural' and 'Silappathikaram'. Test your knowledge on the diverse themes and classifications within Tamil literary traditions.