Overview of Russia's History and Politics

The name "Russia" (Rossiya) comes from the medieval state of Kievan Rus', established in the 9th century by Varangians. It's connected to the land's historical development.

The medieval state that existed in the 9th century, encompassing areas that are now Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of western Russia.

The head of state in Russia, holding significant authority over foreign policy, defense, and appointing the prime minister.

Head of government in Russia, responsible for domestic policy and economic matters. Has less power than the President

The lower house of Russia's bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly), with 450 members elected for five-year terms.

Russia's bicameral legislature, comprising the State Duma and the Federation Council.

The part of the Russian government that implements and enforces laws and consists of the President and Prime Minister.

The part of the Russian government that makes laws, and includes the Federal Assembly(Duma & Federation Council).

Russian Orthodox Christianity, with roughly 70% of the population identifying as followers.

Islam, predominantly practiced in the North Caucasus and Tatarstan regions, representing an estimated 10-15% of the population.

Buddhism, Judaism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and various indigenous faiths are also practiced in Russia, though in smaller numbers.

A strong cultural norm of welcoming guests and offering them food, drinks, and gifts.

A country house, frequently used for leisure activities and weekend getaways.

A significant holiday marked by feasts, fireworks, and the presence of Father Frost and the Snow Maiden.

While Russia's constitution is secular, the Orthodox Church still holds considerable influence.

A resurgence in interest in traditional religions in the era after the fall of the USSR; impacting young people in particular.

The upper house of the Russian parliament, with members representing each federal region/republic.

The lower house of the Russian parliament.

The court that ensures Russian laws align with the constitution.

The highest court for civil, criminal, and administrative cases in Russia.

In Russia, courts handling commercial disputes.

A system where Russia is organized into different administrative areas with varying levels of autonomy.

Administrative divisions of Russia (regions, republics, etc.).

A major political party in Russia, often aligned with the President.

Elections in Russia for President, the Duma, and regional leaders.

Russian culture encompasses rich literature, music, ballet, cinema and the values of community, family, and tradition.

Citizens of Russia or those who identify with Russian heritage/culture.

A Russian steam bath, often a social and cultural institution, accompanied by rituals like cold plunges and use of branches.

A week-long Russian festival marking the end of winter and start of Lent, featuring pancakes, games, and a straw effigy burning.

The dominant religion in Russia, with strong emphasis on community, family, and church holidays

Beliefs impacting daily life in Russia, often stemming from folklore, like avoiding whistling indoors or passing objects through doorways.

Rich in stories of spirits, mythical creatures, and morals, with characters like Baba Yaga.

Strong emphasis on extended family living near each other, respect for elders, seeking advice from family members.

Russian traditions with origins in nature worship and seasonal changes, despite Orthodox Christianity.

Historic social norms assigning men as primary breadwinners and women as caretakers, culturally deep-rooted.

While Russian law provides equal rights, enforcement may be lacking in practice.

A combination of historical, cultural and political factors that shape the societal perception of gender roles in Russia

A beetroot soup, a staple in Russian cuisine, often served with sour cream.

Filled dumplings, commonly served with butter or sour cream.

Thin pancakes, served with various fillings (like caviar or smoked salmon).

A traditional Russian salad with vegetables, meat, and mayonnaise.

Baked or fried pastries, often filled with meat, potatoes, or fruit.

A Russian law that decriminalized certain forms of domestic violence.

An increase in traditional views on gender in recent years in Russia.

Increased prejudice and unfair treatment against LGBTQ+ individuals in recent years.

Challenges faced by the vibrant feminist movement in Russia.

The diverse experiences of women in Russia based on class, ethnicity, and geography.

The Russian government's act of restricting information, particularly regarding LGBTQ+ issues, and limiting LGBTQ+ organizations.

Limited funding in Russia's education system resulting in outdated infrastructure, low teacher salaries, and variable quality across regions.

The Russian educational curriculum is criticized for being overly theoretical and outdated, lacking practical applications and failing to prepare students for modern workplaces.

Inconsistent teacher training in Russia, with some educators lacking sufficient pedagogical skills and knowledge.

Traditional, exam-based assessments in Russian education are criticized for being overly narrow, not fully considering student abilities.

High dropout rates in Russian schools, particularly in rural areas and among disadvantaged groups, are a major concern.

Russia's strategy to rely less on imports and promote domestic production in various sectors, like agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and technology.

Russia's strategy to diversify its energy exports by expanding LNG exports and investing in alternative energy sources, to reduce reliance on oil and gas.

Significant investment by Russia in its military to enhance defense capabilities and project international power.

Social programs offered by the Russian government to support its population, including pensions, healthcare, and education benefits.

Russia's approach to strengthen relationships with countries not aligned with Western political blocs, such as China, India, and Iran.